1. Immigration & Urbanization The Causes and Effects

2. Immigration and Migration Poverty, Persecution cause millions of people to leave Europe, Japan, China, Mexico, and the Caribbean –Jews leave Europe b/c of pogroms- religious persecution Immigrants are forced to adapt to new language and new culture –Hull house helps w/ assimilation

3. Immigration and Migration Changes in agriculture cause people to migrate from rural U.S. to cities in search of work –B/c Inventions, like mechanical reaper, farms no longer need as many pple to work Immigrants face discrimination in their efforts to find jobs and housing –Most live in tenement houses

4. Urbanization Influx of immigrants and migrants cause a population BOOM in cities –Cities can’t keep up with sanitation, transportation, housing, fire, crime City services such as sanitation are stretched to the limit

5. Urbanization Reformers try to fix urban problems through education, training, charity, & political action –Jane Addams- Hull House –Jacob Riis- How the Other Half Lives –Horace Mann- Public Education

6. Politics Political Machines develop to take advantage of the needs of Immigrants and Urban Poor. –b/c uneducated they do not know that they are being cheated out of tax $$$. –Cont. to vote for politicians b/c politicians reward them w/ jobs, housing, etc

7. Politics City politicians use fraud and graft to maintain political power –Graft-reward people who help you get elected –“Boss” Tweed leader of Tammany Hall, most famous of them all Corruption in National Politics results in the call for civil service jobs to be awarded on basis of merit –Pendleton Service Act Take test to get job

8. Politics Big business’s growing influence on politics defeats tariff reform that would aid wage earners –Business takes over gov’t politics