1. The Working Cell Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis

2. Energy From Food Autotrophs self-feeders = ________ Heterotrophs feed on others = ________

3. Types of Energy Kinetic: ___________ _______: Energy stored due to an objects position or arrangement _______: Energy stored in the bonds in between atoms

4. Chemical Energy in the form of ATP

5. Cellular Respiration Chemical processes using O 2 to release ______ from ________ Releases energy as _______ Organisms main energy supply Energy Currency Directly connected to ___________ Recycle O2, CO2, H2O, and _____________

6. C.R. and P.S

7. The equations!

8. ATP Adenosine TriPhosphate Energy stored in ________ bonds What happens when energy is released?

9. $ATP$ A cell’s energy _______ Used for: Chemical Energy: ________ larger molecules Mechanical Energy: ______________ Transport: Active

10. ATP Work uses ATP (for energy) ADP + P (phosphate) __________ into ATP Your body uses and regenerates roughly ____________ ATP/sec!

11. Photosynthesis Energy from Sunlight

12. Photosynthesis

13. Photosynthesis 6CO 2 +12H 2 O ---> ________ + 6H 2 O + 6O 2 Pigments are both reflected and absorbed Chlorophyll 2 part reaction _________________ _____________ (Dark Reaction)

14. The Chloroplast

15. Step 1: Light Reaction Light energy strikes the leaf trapped by __________ electrons Energy from sunlight is trapped ATP is made by attaching a phosphate molecule to ADP ATP will be used later

16. Energy from the sun is also used to split _______ into hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O). O2 is a _____ _______, while H is trapped by NADP (electron carrier) and transferred to the dark reaction (Step 2) ATP goes to the ____ ______where it will be used and become ADP

18. Step 2: Dark Reaction ______ is take by the leaf and is broken down into Carbon (C) and Oxygen (O) using ATP Dark reaction requires _______ (ATP) ADP will go back to the ______________where it will be regenerated into ATP

19. Step 2: Dark Reaction NADPH arrives from the light reaction and drops off the ___________. NADP will go back to the light reaction to pick up more hydrogens from the splitting of water (H2O)

20. Step 2: Dark Reaction C 6 H 12 O 6 During the Calvin Cycle, _______ and ______ from CO 2 will combine with _______ (from light reaction, carried by NADP) to form ________ ( C 6 H 12 O 6.) Glucose contains high amounts of ______ and is used by living things in ________ H2O is released as a _______ product

22. Cellular Respiration Using O2 to release energy from carbohydrates (food) Balanced equation: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6 H 2 O 3 Stages 1. __________ 2. _______ ___________ 3. ______ __________ _______(ETC)

23. Glycolysis Using ______ (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) to get energy Takes place in the _________ Glycolysis means “______________.” To start glycolysis, an initial investment of _____ are needed. ATP is used to split 6-carbon glucose into two 3- ring _______ ______ molecules.

24. Glycolysis Each _______ _____ initially carries a phosphate group NAD + accepts ________ and a hydrogen from pyruvic acid becoming NADH

25. Glycolysis The electon lost allows another _________ to bond to the original pyruvic acid molecule Each pyruvic acid has 2 phosphates (2+2 = 4 phosphates) 4 - ADP molecules pick up the phosphates generating 4 ATP molecules Net investment = ________ Net gain (4 ATP produced - 2 ATP invested) = _______ 2 pyruvic acids still hold most of the energy from the original glucose

26. Krebs Cycle & ETC Finishes the ________ of pyruvic acid into CO2 & H2O Pyruvic Acid diffuses into ________, loses a carbon and becomes a 2-carbon Acetyl CoA Needs ____ to take place Produces __________!!! Total ATP gained: 2 (from glycolysis) + 36 = ______

27. What if there is no Oxygen? Oxidative Fermentation 2 types: ______ _____& _______ Fermentation Fermentation: the incomplete breakdown of organic compounds in the _______ of O2 Does not require oxygen Makes ATP entirely from glycolysis (2 ATP) ______ bursts of energy

28. Fermentation Lactic Acid: Pyruvic acid is turned into lactic acid in ______ _______ “_______ burn” ______ & ______also turn pyruvic acid into lactic acid sharpness of flavor in ______ & ________ _______ Fermentation: Pyruvic acid is turned into alcohol and CO2 by yeast cells makes _____ rise