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Published bySybil Norton Modified over 9 years ago
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The Working Cell Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis
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Energy From Food Autotrophs self-feeders = ________ Heterotrophs feed on others = ________
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Types of Energy Kinetic: ___________ _______: Energy stored due to an objects position or arrangement _______: Energy stored in the bonds in between atoms
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Chemical Energy in the form of ATP
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Cellular Respiration Chemical processes using O 2 to release ______ from ________ Releases energy as _______ Organisms main energy supply Energy Currency Directly connected to ___________ Recycle O2, CO2, H2O, and _____________
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C.R. and P.S
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The equations!
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ATP Adenosine TriPhosphate Energy stored in ________ bonds What happens when energy is released?
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$ATP$ A cell’s energy _______ Used for: Chemical Energy: ________ larger molecules Mechanical Energy: ______________ Transport: Active
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ATP Work uses ATP (for energy) ADP + P (phosphate) __________ into ATP Your body uses and regenerates roughly ____________ ATP/sec!
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Photosynthesis Energy from Sunlight
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Photosynthesis
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Photosynthesis 6CO 2 +12H 2 O ---> ________ + 6H 2 O + 6O 2 Pigments are both reflected and absorbed Chlorophyll 2 part reaction _________________ _____________ (Dark Reaction)
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The Chloroplast
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Step 1: Light Reaction Light energy strikes the leaf trapped by __________ electrons Energy from sunlight is trapped ATP is made by attaching a phosphate molecule to ADP ATP will be used later
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Energy from the sun is also used to split _______ into hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O). O2 is a _____ _______, while H is trapped by NADP (electron carrier) and transferred to the dark reaction (Step 2) ATP goes to the ____ ______where it will be used and become ADP
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Step 2: Dark Reaction ______ is take by the leaf and is broken down into Carbon (C) and Oxygen (O) using ATP Dark reaction requires _______ (ATP) ADP will go back to the ______________where it will be regenerated into ATP
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Step 2: Dark Reaction NADPH arrives from the light reaction and drops off the ___________. NADP will go back to the light reaction to pick up more hydrogens from the splitting of water (H2O)
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Step 2: Dark Reaction C 6 H 12 O 6 During the Calvin Cycle, _______ and ______ from CO 2 will combine with _______ (from light reaction, carried by NADP) to form ________ ( C 6 H 12 O 6.) Glucose contains high amounts of ______ and is used by living things in ________ H2O is released as a _______ product
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Cellular Respiration Using O2 to release energy from carbohydrates (food) Balanced equation: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6 H 2 O 3 Stages 1. __________ 2. _______ ___________ 3. ______ __________ _______(ETC)
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Glycolysis Using ______ (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) to get energy Takes place in the _________ Glycolysis means “______________.” To start glycolysis, an initial investment of _____ are needed. ATP is used to split 6-carbon glucose into two 3- ring _______ ______ molecules.
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Glycolysis Each _______ _____ initially carries a phosphate group NAD + accepts ________ and a hydrogen from pyruvic acid becoming NADH
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Glycolysis The electon lost allows another _________ to bond to the original pyruvic acid molecule Each pyruvic acid has 2 phosphates (2+2 = 4 phosphates) 4 - ADP molecules pick up the phosphates generating 4 ATP molecules Net investment = ________ Net gain (4 ATP produced - 2 ATP invested) = _______ 2 pyruvic acids still hold most of the energy from the original glucose
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Krebs Cycle & ETC Finishes the ________ of pyruvic acid into CO2 & H2O Pyruvic Acid diffuses into ________, loses a carbon and becomes a 2-carbon Acetyl CoA Needs ____ to take place Produces __________!!! Total ATP gained: 2 (from glycolysis) + 36 = ______
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What if there is no Oxygen? Oxidative Fermentation 2 types: ______ _____& _______ Fermentation Fermentation: the incomplete breakdown of organic compounds in the _______ of O2 Does not require oxygen Makes ATP entirely from glycolysis (2 ATP) ______ bursts of energy
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Fermentation Lactic Acid: Pyruvic acid is turned into lactic acid in ______ _______ “_______ burn” ______ & ______also turn pyruvic acid into lactic acid sharpness of flavor in ______ & ________ _______ Fermentation: Pyruvic acid is turned into alcohol and CO2 by yeast cells makes _____ rise
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