1. Kuskowagamiut Riverine Eskimos

2. Agenda Return papers Rodeo Attendence Seminole Visit –Publicity –Food –Activities Kusowagamiut Eskimos Reports 12:30 –Robert –Krista –Ailbee Begin Kwakiutl book

3. People, Population, and Language Yuit people 1986 5500 people Speak Central Yupik –Other languages, Pacific Gulf and Siberian

4. First Contact 1819 Russian Beaver Trade 1866 Russians leave because of pending Alaskan Purchase by US

5. Origin Myth Raven makes the land to have a place to rest Land is dark so he finds sun and drags it to land. Fall off becomes stars. Creates plants and animals to make land better and spirits prosper.

6. Land Built houses where they had ready access to resources –Salmon Subterranean housing

7. Conveyences Two forms of transportation –Summer for life around waterways Kayaks Umiak –Winter easier sleds snowshoes

8. Gender Roles Women’s domain in home –Responsibility processing food child care clothing gathering Men hunt –fish –fowl –mammals

9. Kinship Matrilocal residence Ambilineal descent Eskimo terminology Shamans –sororal polygamy

10. Subsistence Enculturation to gender roles Why? Men hunt –fish Salmon –fowl –mammals Bearskin for trade Carpenters in building season (summer)

11. Appearance Physical characteristics –genetically similar to Asian populations –epicanthic fold* –shovel shaped incisor* Bergman’s rule –short, round, long torso* *adaptive to environment Cultural Adaptation –waterproof hides –fur on inside for insulation Thermoregulation –hides allow ventilation –loose fitting women carry babies on back in hood

12. Supernaturalism Shamans –usually men –apprenticed –diagnose, predict, and cure –Aids: drumming, singing, and magic –if person died might be accused of witchcraft Witchcraft –antisocial Ceremonies –Great Ceremony for the Dead –free the souls for eternal rest in the sky

13. Recent Religion Russian Orthodox introduced in 1950s helping other people in need soul to hell if not baptized or suicide ghost of dead returns to community--icons prevent return Syncretism –Blending of two religions