1. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

2. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Unit XIX Absolute Forms in the Nineteenth Century “A symphony must be like the world; it must embrace everything” -Gustav Mahler

3. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 52. The Romantic Symphony Increased orchestral size Lyrical themes, colorful harmonies, expanded proportions Overall structure as in 18th century Movement order varies Brahms: Symphony No. 1

4. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition www.wwnorton.com/enjoy

5. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

6. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 53. Brahms and the Late Romantic Symphony Johannes Brahms (1833–1897) German composer Musical family Close friends with Roberta and Clara Schumann Died at 64 Robert and Clara Schumann

7. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Brahms’s Music Traditionalist Four symphonies, solo piano and chamber music, Lieder Romantic tendencies Third Symphony: Classical and Romantic traits “It is not hard to compose, but it is wonderfully hard to let the superfluous notes fall under the table.” —Johannes Brahms Brahms: Piano Quartet No. 3

8. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Brahms: Symphony No. 3 in F Major (Listening Guide) Written at age 50 Classical in form, Romantic in tone Cyclical structure I: Conventional sonata-allegro –Three-note motive (F-Ab-F) –Frei aber froh (“Free but happy”) –Motive permeates the entire symphony II: Andante, sonata-allegro form III: Waltz, ternary form IV: Sonata-allegro Listening Guide PDF

9. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

10. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition www.wwnorton.com/enjoy

11. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 54. The Romantic Concerto The Nature of the Concerto Three-movement structure Cadenzas Virtuosity and the Concerto Vehicle for virtuosic display Specific soloist Joseph Joachim Johannes Brahms “We are so made that we can derive intense enjoyment only from a contrast.” —Sigmund Freud Brahms: Violin Concerto

12. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Felix Mendelssohn and the Concerto Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847) Composer, conductor, pianist Sister Fanny Preserved tradition of Classical form

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14. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

15. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 55. The Rise of Classical Composition in America European musical tradition New England School of composition Amy Beach

16. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Amy Cheney Beach (1867–1944) American composer, educator Child prodigy Married Henry Harris Aubrey Beach – Mrs. H. H.A. Beach Wrote large-scale and small- scale works European tour

17. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Amy Cheney Beach (1867–1944) Yearly U.S. tours Leadership positions: –Music Educators National Conference –Music Teachers National Association –Society of American Women Composers Influenced by: –Brahms and Wagner –French Impressionism –Folk music (Irish, Scottish, English)

18. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition www.wwnorton.com/enjoy