1. The Flowering of Medieval Civilization Chapter 9

2. I. Cultural Developments A. The Rise of Universities 1. Monastic and Cathedral Schools  Cathedral or bishop’s school  Chancellor  “Masters”  “Goliardic” verses 2©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

3. Map 9.1 Great Monastic Centers of Learning Monastic centers remained the repositories of manuscripts and the chief centers for training not only monks and nuns, but also some laymen and women. Where were the greatest concentrations of monasteries? Why did Spain have so few monasteries in this period? 3©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

4. I. Cultural Developments A. The Rise of Universities 2. Universities  Universitas 3. Italian Universities  University of Bologna  Professional orientation 4©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5. Map 9.2 Medieval Universities Starting in Bologna, Salerno, and Paris, universities spread throughout Europe. While some students became priests, many became administrators in various governments, or entered professions such as law and medicine. Where was the chief concentration of universities? What do the founding dates of the universities tell you? 5©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

6. I. Cultural Developments A. The Rise of Universities 4. The University of Paris  Baccalaureate  Trivium  Quadrivium  Advanced degrees  Medicine  Law  Theology  Oxford, Cambridge, Prague 6©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

7. I. Cultural Developments A. The Rise of Universities 4. The University of Paris  Latin Quarter  Robert de Sorbonne 5. University Life  Town and gown controversies 7©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

8. I. Cultural Developments B. Scholasticism  Applied dialectic to Christian dogma 1. Anselm of Canterbury 2. Abelard  Historia calamitatum  Sic et Non  Héloïse  Astrolabe 8©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

9. I. Cultural Developments B. Scholasticism 3. Reception of Aristotle 4. Thomas Aquinas  Albertus Magnus  Summa contra Gentiles  Summa Theologica 5. Duns Scotus  Centrality of faith 9©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

10. I. Cultural Developments C. Spiritual Approaches to Knowledge 1. Worship of Mary 2. Cistercians and St. Bernard  Cîteau  Bernard of Clairvaux  “White monks” 3. Women’s Spirituality  Hildegard of Bingen  Marie D’Oignies and Beguines 10©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

11. I. Cultural Developments D. Romanesque Architecture 1. The Romanesque Style  Stone roof  Barrel or tunnel vault  Small windows  Groin vault  Bay 11©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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13. I. Cultural Developments D. Romanesque Architecture 2. Romanesque Decoration  Stone sculptures  Antirealism 3. Other Characteristics of Romanesque Style  Monastic reform  Revival of church ceremony  Gregorian chant  Polyphonic music 13©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

14. I. Cultural Developments E. The Gothic Style 1. Gothic Architecture  Abbot Suger’s church at Saint-Denis  Pointed arch  Ribbed vaulting  Flying buttress  Large windows 14©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

15. I. Cultural Developments E. The Gothic Style 2. The Gothic Spirit  Mystical illumination  Cathedrals  ChartresSalisbury  ParisLincoln  AmiensCologne  Rhiems 15©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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17. I. Cultural Developments F. Court Culture 1. Chivalry  Courtesy  Etiquette  Religious devotion 2. Courtly Love  Eleanor of Aquitaine  Andreas Capellanus  The Art of Courtly Love 17©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

18. I. Cultural Developments F. Court Culture 3. Noblewomen 4. Vernacular Literature  Troubadour lyric poetry  Courtly romance  Marie de France  Chrétien de Troyes 18©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

19. II. The States of Europe A. England 1. Angevin Kingship  Henry I  Matilda and Geoffrey of Anjou  Stephen of Blois  Henry of Anjou 2. Henry II  Marries Eleanor of Aquitaine 19©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

20. II. The States of Europe A. England 3. Itinerant Justices  “Justices in eyre”  Sworn inquest  Writ  Jury  Grand jury  Petty jury 20©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

21. Map 9.3 Medieval England, France, and Germany The map indicates the areas belonging to the English kings, the French kings, and those of Germany. Although the Holy Roman Empire appears vast, it was really a collection of independent cities and duchies. Note the small extent of the territory that the French kings originally held and those territories that they gradually added. What was the period of greatest growth? Did English territory in France expand or contract over the centuries? 21©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

22. II. The States of Europe A. England 4. Common Law 5. Thomas Becket  Benefit of clergy  Constitutions of Clarendon  Canterbury 6. Richard I, the Lion-hearted  Third Crusade 22©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

23. II. The States of Europe A. England 7. John I  War with Philip II  Dispute with Innocent III  Stephen Langton  Interdict 8. Magna Carta  Battle of Bouvines  Runnymede  “Great Charter” 23©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

24. II. The States of Europe B. France 1. Louis VII  Louis VII  Eleanor of Aquitaine 2. Philip II 3. Strengthening the Administration  Bailli  Chambre de Comptes 24©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

25. II. The States of Europe B. France 4. St. Louis  Louis VIII  Louis IX, St. Louis 5. Legal Reforms  Extension of royal justice  Parlement of Paris 25©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

26. II. The States of Europe C. The Iberian Kingdoms  Reconquista  Granada  Portugal, Aragon, Castile 1. Strengthening the Monarchies  Alfonso X  Siete Partidas 2. Cortes 26©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

27. II. The States of Europe D. Germany: The Holy Roman Empire  Elective kingship 1. Frederick I Barbarossa  Goals:  Consolidate demesne lands  Force great German princes to become his vassals  Enjoy sovereignty of Roman Law 27©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

28. II. The States of Europe D. Germany: The Holy Roman Empire 2. Italy and the Lombard League  Battle of Legnano  Peace of Constance 3. Germany and European Leadership 4. Henry VI (r. 1190-1197)  Constance 5. Frederick II Hohenstaufen  The “first modern ruler” 28©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

29. II. The States of Europe D. Germany: The Holy Roman Empire 6. Fragmentation of Germany  Teutonic Knights  Bohemia  Lübeck  “Perpetual Compact” of Swiss cantons 7. Attempt to Control Italy  Frederick I and Gregory IX 29©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

30. II. The States of Europe D. Germany: The Holy Roman Empire 8. Sicily and Germany after 1250  Political fragmentation of Germany  Constitutional reorganization in Sicily 30©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

31. III. The Church A. The Growth of Heresy 1. Appeal of Heresies 2. Waldensians  Peter Waldo  Lateran Council of 1215 3. Albigensians, or Cathari  Albi, Languedoc  Dualistic sect  Consolamentum 31©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

32. III. The Church B. The Suppression of Heresy 1. Crusade against Albigensians  Innocent III  Crusade 2. Beginnings of Inquisition  Gregory IX 32©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

33. III. The Church C. The Friars 1. St. Dominic  Mendicant  Order of Preachers  Dominicans 2. Francis of Assisi 3. Franciscan Order  Order of Friars Minor 33©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

34. III. The Church D. Papal Government 1. Innocent III  Eradicate heresy  Papal supremacy  Clarification of Christian discipline and belief 2. Fourth Lateran Council  Defined sacraments  Yearly confession and communion  Defined transubstantiation  Attacked Church corruption 34©2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.