1. 29 The Great War, 1914–1918 The Stage Is Set for War
QUIT 29
CHAPTER
The Great War, 1914–1918
Chapter Overview
Time Line 1
The Stage Is Set for War
SECTION 2
War Consumes Europe
SECTION
SECTION 3
War Affects the World 4
A Flawed Peace
GRAPH
MAP
SECTION
Visual Summary

2. HOME 29
CHAPTER
The Great War, 1914–1918
Chapter Overview
With a political assassination, a complex system of alliances draws Europe into war. Some colonial subjects support the Allies, while others remain uninvolved. The Treaty of Versailles does little to build a lasting peace.

3. 29 The Great War, 1914–1918 HOME Time Line 1914 1918
CHAPTER
The Great War, 1914–1918
Time Line
1914 (June) Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated. (July) Austria declares war on Serbia; World War I begins.
1916 (Feb.) French and German battle at Verdun.
1918 (Nov.) Allies defeat Central Powers; war ends.
1914
1918
1915 (Jan.) Trench warfare underway on Western Front. (Feb.) Gallipoli campaign starts in Turkey.
1917 (April) United States enters war.

4. The Stage Is Set for War Key Idea 1
HOME 1
The Stage
Is Set for War
Key Idea
Nationalism unifies countries in Europe but also leads to commercial and territorial rivalries. Bismarck forms the Triple Alliance, while Britain joins with France and Russia to form the Triple Entente. An assassination causes war to break out.
Overview
Assessment

5. The Stage Is Set for War Overview 1 • militarism • Triple Alliance
HOME 1
The Stage
Is Set for War
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• militarism
• Triple Alliance
• Kaiser Wilhelm II
• Triple Entente
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
In Europe, military buildup, nationalistic feelings, and rival alliances set the stage for a continental war.
Ethnic conflict in the Balkan region, which helped start the war, continued to erupt in that area in the 1990s.
Assessment

6. HOME 1
The Stage
Is Set for War
Section 1
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the major events that led to World War I.
1882 Triple Alliance formed.
1890s European arms race
1908 Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina.
German foreign policy changed.
1907 Triple Entente formed.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and wife killed.
continued . . .

7. HOME 1
The Stage
Is Set for War
Section 1
Assessment
2. Why might the “machinery of war,” set in motion by the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, have been difficult to stop? THINK ABOUT
• nationalism
• militarism
• the alliance system
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Intense nationalism prompted nations to compete for superiority in all areas.
Militarism had led to the establishment of large armies, as well as to the glorification of military might.
The alliance system required its members to support one another in case of war.
End of Section 1

8. War Consumes Europe Key Idea 2
HOME 2
War Consumes
Europe
Key Idea
European nations take up frontlines divided between the Central Powers and the Allies. Despite major battles and terrible casualties, neither side advances.
Overview
Assessment

9. War Consumes Europe Overview 2 • Schlieffen Plan • Central Powers
HOME 2
War Consumes
Europe
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Schlieffen Plan
• Central Powers
• Allies
• Western Front
• trench warfare
• Eastern Front
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
One European nation after another was drawn into a large and industrialized war that resulted in many casualties.
Much of the technology of modern warfare, such as fighter planes and tanks, was introduced in World War I.
Assessment

10. Reason for Declaration
HOME 2
War Consumes
Europe
Section 2
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Write the immediate reason why each nation listed below declared war on the other nation listed.
War Declaration
Reason for Declaration
Germany on Russia
Germany on France
Britain on Germany
Saw Russia’s troops along German border as threat
Wanted a quick victory in the west
Outraged over violation of Belgian neutrality
continued . . .

11. HOME 2
War Consumes
Europe
Section 2
Assessment
2.  How was war on the Western Front and Eastern Front different? How was it the same? THINK ABOUT
• trench warfare
• which nations fought on each front
• war casualties
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Western Front—trench warfare; small land gains; Germany vs. Britain and France
Eastern Front— Germans, Austrians, Turks vs. Russians and Serbs; absence of trenches; more mobile warfare; larger land gains
Both—huge numbers of soldiers killed; mass destruction of land; deplorable conditions; stalemates
End of Section 2

12. War Affects the World Key Idea 3
HOME 3
War Affects
the World
Key Idea
The Allies expand the war beyond Europe. The United States enters the conflict. Citizens undergo rationing, and many women go to work in factories. Fresh American troops give the Allies an edge. The Kaiser abdicates, and an armistice is signed.
Overview
Assessment

13. War Affects the World Overview 3 • unrestricted submarine warfare
HOME 3
War Affects
the World
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• unrestricted submarine warfare
• total war
• rationing
• propaganda
• armistice
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
World War I spread to several continents and required the full resources of many governments.
The war propelled the United States to a new position of international power, which it retains today.
Assessment

14. HOME 3
War Affects
the World
Section 3
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the reasons why the United States entered World War I.
Reasons for United States Entry 1. 2. 3. 4.
Germans sink Lusitania, a British ship carrying some American passengers.
Germany returns to unrestricted submarine warfare, sinking U.S. ships.
Zimmermann note decoded—German note urging Mexico to take up arms against U.S.
Strong feelings of sympathy for the Allies
continued . . .

15. HOME 3
War Affects
the World
Section 3
Assessment
2. In what ways was World War I truly a global conflict?
THINK ABOUT
• where the war was fought
• who participated in the war effort
ANSWER
Possible Response:
The war was fought in numerous places outside Europe: Africa, Southwest Asia, China, and the Pacific. People from many nations participated in the war effort, including colonial subjects throughout Africa and Asia.
continued . . .

16. HOME 3
War Affects
the World
Section 3
Assessment
3. How did the concept of total war affect the warring nations’ economies? THINK ABOUT
• the governments’ new role in their economies
• the scarcity of food and other products
• the role of women
• unemployment rates during the war years
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Governments took greater control of economies, telling factories what and how much to produce.
Civilian factories were turned into munitions factories.
Rationing was common.
Women became a significant part of the work force.
More people were put to work.
End of Section 3

17. HOME 4
A Flawed Peace
GRAPH
MAP
Key Idea
The Treaty of Versailles ignores Wilson’s Fourteen Points, creates new nations in Europe, and is rejected by the United States Senate. The war leaves millions dead and wounded and costs hundreds of billions of dollars.
Overview
Assessment

18. A Flawed Peace Overview 4 • Woodrow Wilson • Georges Clemenceau
HOME 4
A Flawed Peace
GRAPH
MAP
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Woodrow Wilson
• Georges Clemenceau
• David Lloyd George
• Fourteen Points
• self-determination
• Treaty of Versailles
• League of Nations
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
After winning the war, the Allies dictated a harsh peace settlement that left many nations feeling betrayed.
Hard feelings left by the peace settlement helped cause World War II.
Assessment

19. HOME 4
A Flawed Peace
GRAPH
MAP
Section 4
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Explain the effects of World War I.
Effects of WWI
Millions of lives lost
$338 billion cost
Land, towns, and villages destroyed
Widespread disillusionment
continued . . .

20. HOME 4
A Flawed Peace
GRAPH
MAP
Section 4
Assessment
2. Do you think the peace settlements at Versailles were fair? Why or why not? Consider the warring and nonwarring nations affected. THINK ABOUT
• Germany’s punishment
• the creation of new nations
• the mandate system
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Fair: Germany was punished for its aggression, and numerous independence claims were addressed through the creation of new nations.
Unfair: Germany was too harshly punished, and colonial peoples did not get their independence.
End of Section 4