1. Antiproton Physics Experiments Keith Gollwitzer -- Fermilab Antiproton Sources Accumulator Antiproton Physics Experiments –Precision measurements Method Charmonium XYZ States Antiproton Physics Experiments Beyond the Accumulator

2. Antiproton Sources e10 Antiprotons/year Year 2 Fermilab and CERN have/had the only Antiproton Sources. Currently, the operating Antiproton Sources are used for the Tevatron low energy/trapping programs, respectively. Schedules beyond 2010 do not exist for either Antiproton Source. GSI (Darmstadt, Germany) is to construct an Antiproton Source as part of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research project. At the design peak production rate, FAIR will make <10 14 antiprotons/year starting ~2016. Fermilab has the best Antiproton Source now and the future

3. Accumulator Antiproton Physics Precision measurements of Charmonium Precision measurements of XYZ States Measurements of continuum processes –Associated production of Charmonium –Proton Form Factor –Multi-meson final states Searches/confirmations –Excited Charmonium states, –Exotics/hybrids –Glueballs Partial Rate Asymmetries of Hyperon Decays –CP violation Rare Hyperon Decays –Dimuon resonance search Relativistic Antihydrogen –Lamb Shift Open Charm –D-mixing; CP violation Charmonium produced in different nuclear targets Polarized hydrogen target –Electric and magnetic contributions to the Proton Time-like Form Factor

4. Beam Profiles Breit-Wigner line shape Beam Scan of ψ(2S) Most precise measurement of the ψ(2S) width despite much smaller statistics than e + e - experiments Precision Measurement Method Convolution results in the observed cross section

5. The precision of the mass and width of the  c needs to be improved E760 & E835 only reported pbarp   Need to observe  c in more channels

6. 1 P 1 or h c J PC = 1 + - The h c mass is important to understanding hyperfine splitting. The h c width has not been measured. Need more channels. pbarp  h c    c   (  ) E760: pbarp  h c  J/   0  (e + e - ) (  )

7. Searched for pbarp  η c /   PDG M = 3637 ± 4 MeV Г = 14 ± 7 MeV Need more channels.

8. Also in March 2008 CERN Courier Study in pbarp in the Accumulator?

9. X(3872) has been seen to decay via Charmonium and Charm Mesons resulting in different masses. 1 or 2 states? Only upper limit on width. Accumulator could scan this resonance(s)

10. Charmonium Reactions

11. XYZ Reactions pp  X(3872)  D 0 D 0  0 pp  X(3872)  D 0 D *0 pp  Z(3930)  D D pp  X(3940)  D * D pp  X(4160)  D * D * pp  X(3872)  J/   pp  X(3872)  J/   pp  X(3872)  J/   pp  Y(3940)  J/  ω pp  Y(4008)  J/   pp  Y(4260)  J/   pp  Y(4260)  J/  KK

12. pp  J/   0 pp  J/  ω pp   c  0 pp   c ω pp   c0  0 pp   c1  0 pp   c2  0 pp   /  0 pp   c /  0 pp   0  pp   pp  J/   pp  J/   / pp   c  pp   c  / pp   c0  pp   c1  pp   c2  pp   /  pp   c /  pp   pp   ω pp  J/   pp  J/   pp   c  pp   c  pp   c0  pp   c1  pp   c2  pp   /  pp   c /  pp   0 ω pp   / ω pp   0  pp   0  / pp   0  0 pp   / pp   /  pp   /  / pp  ω  pp  ωω pp  φφ pp  KK pp    Continuum Processes

13. Facilities Beyond the Accumulator Low Energy Ring/Stopping –Decelerate in MI and extract to new ring capable of further deceleration and cooling Slow Antiprotons and Trapping Antihydrogen and Antiprotonic Atoms Medium Energy Ring –Accumulator freed from experiment to stack full time –Extend energy reach of experiment; electron cooling? Bottomonium –Precision Measurements –Small collider (asymmetric?) –Internal jet target (50-70GeV/c)

14. Summary The world’s most productive Antiproton Source is here at Fermilab and could continue to be for the next decades The Fermilab Accumulator has hosted successful experiments The Fermilab Accumulator can be ready to perform experiments ~6months after Run II Many different measurements can be made First physics results could be in 2011 New rings could exploit the Fermilab Antiproton Source capabilities.

15. Extra Slides

16. Charmonium Masses and Widths E760/E835 main purposes were to do precision measurements of the Charmonium spectrum as well as the discovery/confirmation of 1 P 1 and η c /

17. Technique The Accumulator is the Spectrometer Annihilation of pbar p to form each state All quantum numbers can be formed Detector is a big scalar Scan beam energy to map out resonance

18. “Clean” electron/positron Signals  /  J/  X  e + e - X  /  e + e - Threshold Cernekov Shower shape

19. 1 -- State Scans (1990-1)

20. PRECISION PRECISION  1 &  2 Scans

21.  0 Scan Could be more precise with more integrated luminosity Interference will be shown later

22. pbarp   0  0  0   Two Photon Final States Takes work to understand the feed- down from multi-photon final states CCAL threshold of 5/20MeV These data are from the  c peak

23. pbarp   0 &  2   Interference next slide

24. Interference can be your friend The continuum “amplifies” the resonance E835 example in 4 photons pbarp   c0   0  0, ,  / Should expand interference analyses to more channels; in particular pbarp at 90 o in the center of mass system

25. Search using inclusive J/   c / search for possible hindered M1 transition to J/  Maximum Accumulator Energy Favorite Theorist Point of the moment

26. The States J PC 1 - - 2 + + 1 + + ? ? ? // 00 11 22 cc c/c/ hchc

27. pbarp   + 

28. pbarp  two neutral mesons 0000 00

29. Scaling Rule?

30. pbarp  two neutral particles

31. Proton Magnetic Form Factor

32. pbarp  6 

33. Steering Group Report P19 Precision Physics – muons: “An intense 8 GeV beam and the Accumulator and Debuncher rings, …, would make this LFV search possible.” P20 Precision Physics – Charm and hyperon physics with antiprotons (1 paragraph sub-section) P24 SNuMI: “SNuMI uses antiproton facilities….” P25 Project X: “…compatible with reconfigurations of the Debuncher ring and the Tevatron to support slow spill programs….” P25 Existing Rings: Debuncher Slow Extraction (1 paragraph sub- section) P27 Summary paragraph: “The SNuMI project is based on reusing existing antiproton rings for proton accumulation.” P44 Appendix G Facilities Considered: table entry of Antiproton Facility with Performance Parameters of “Incompatible with SNuMI. Minor hit on proton availability from Project X” Most overview presentations of the Steering Group Report and Project X spend time discussing reusing the Antiproton Source rings (sometimes even emphasizing existing accelerator) with little or no mention of Antiproton Physics