1. Funeral Transportation Abraham Lincoln’s Funeral Train 1865

2. Readings Question #1 (Page 234) (Plate 50B) What are the French and Latin origins for the word hearse? Describe the first hearse.

3. Early Methods bier (bear): “forerunner of today’s hearse; a hand stretcher on which the uncoffined body was carried to the grave” horse-drawn carts: 1648 “hearse on wheels”

4. Colonial Hearses Page 235 wagon horse-drawn hearses “Gentleman’s Coaches” “liverymen” 1787: American funeral hearses (Plate 50C) early pioneer: simple (Plate 51A)

5. Hearses with Horses 1850 - 1910 Page 237 Civil War (1861): impact on style of hearses styles of hearse would change every 15 yrs. “wear and tear” significant Readings Question #2: (Page 240) Compare and contrast the hearse of the 1850’s with the hearse used during the Civil War. (Plate 51B and 51C)

6. President Lincoln’s Funeral Car 1865

7. Funeral Car Innovators (Page 241) James Cunningham: (Plates 51D & 52) - rectangular,“four-poster” - “hip” roof - 5 urns - gilded column at each corner 1884: “hearse” outdated, instead “funeral car”

8. Funeral Car Innovators (Page 241) Hudson Samson: 1889 – 8 column, oval-decked funeral car – similar style with 6 columns – 1898: all funeral directors had “8 column” model – 1898: funeral car with carved drapery over the entire car body (resembling a pall) (Plate 52A) – became dominant style within 10 years

9. Funeral Car Innovators (Page 241) Crane and Breed: – 1893: Chicago World’s Fair (Plate 54) – large with church-like design – massive carvings and gildings with gold lamps – weighed 2400 pounds – drawn by 8 horses – not intended for use in America – used for funeral of Chicago’s assassinated mayor Carter H. Harrison (right after the Chicago Fair)

10. Gas and Electric Vehicles (Page 244) 1885: Baltimore- electric street railway Readings Question #3: Describe the first trolley funeral car. “a specially designed train car run on a city’s trolley line to transport casket and mourners to cemeteries on the outskirts of the city”

11. Gasoline-powered Hearses Page 245 Fred Hulberg: 1908 NYC (Plate 55) Page 246 Crane and Breed Manufacturing Company: 1909 “auto-hearse” (Plate 56 A & B)

12. Other Funeral Vehicles Ambulance: 1909 (Page 245) (Plate 56D) Undertaker’s Buggy: “vehicle used by undertakers to transport the necessary mortuary paraphernalia to the homes where funerals were typically held….had an appearance similar to a hearse, but were much less ornate” (Plate 56C) Limousine: early 1920’s (Plate 58A)

13. Hearse Sizes and Colors (Page 252) up to Civil War: black after the war increase in length and width children: white larger funeral cars: darker colors most popular: black light-grey: carved hearses World War I: black then grey

14. Cadillac Hearses 1930 1938

15. National Coach 1957

16. Transportation of Flowers (Page 255) regular hearses equipped with special trays or receptacles first flower cars: 7 passenger touring cars emergence of vans and other converted vehicles

17. Readings Question #4 How did the evolution of funeral transportation influence the responsibilities of the funeral director? Lincoln’s Funeral Procession

18. Future Transportation?????