1. SESSION 9 – FACETS OF COMMUNITY: Work Learning and Health Copyright 2011 Phil Heywood

2. Introduction: The cases for and against community intervention 1.Most human activities can be performed by private and/or public action 2. The cases for community involvement: a.Accountability b.Social and environmental impacts c.Flexibility based on community nurturing of diversity d.Collaborative production e.Community ‘voice’ as a more sensitive indicator of preference than individual ‘exit’. f.Maintenance of common goods

3. Self – and other – regarding activities Individuals have rights to self control in “self regarding” activities of belief, freedom of expression, choice of work and personal morality and priorities. Public and communities have rights and duties in “other regarding” activities of work, health, environment, public order and, to an extent, education. Mill, 1983

4. The Planning and Organisation of Work Values and Purposes: a.Productivity: roles of association in promoting economic success b.Creativity: contributions of the “creative class” to innovation (Richard Florida, 2005) c.Autonomy: the independence provided by regular income and the productive power of markets and exchange

5. The Work System PEOPLE Population Numbers, Structure & Change VISIONS Social Goals & Values ACTIVITIES & PROCESSES RESOURCES Natural, Economic & Social Resources WORKING POPULATION Working Age Groups, Learning Population, Vocational & Re-training, Supported Population Participation rates WORK PLACES Home, Central Area, Specialised Locations Skills: Technology, Communication, Problem Solving Funds: Infrastructure & Plant OUTCOMES Organisation, Products and Control of Work, Employment & Retraining Rates & Incentives, Wage Levels & Distribution of Wealth PRODUCTION Knowledge, Services & Goods Literacy, Numeracy, E- Literacy VALUES Creativity, Productivity, Autonomy, Sustainability

6. The Changing Nature and Locations of Work 1. Planning and Providing Jobs : population forecasts and participation rates. 2. Projections of Job Need : matching working population forecasts to projected jobs 3. Work Locations : effects of technological change, miniaturisation and communications technology 4. Work Provisions: balanced provisions at neighbourhood, district, city, metropolitan and regional scale, linked to transport, education and research

7. The Links of Work with Other Activities Education - Increasing importance of links with education at all levels- local education for literacy and numeracy, district and city development of secondary education and regional and national provision of universities. Communications - Changing and expanding roles of transport and communications infrastructure, including broadband networks

8. 1.Global trends – education, literacy and numeracy are re-shaping the world 2.Methods of learning and issues of knowledge 3.Educational provisions and locations Education and Learning

9. The Learning System PEOPLE Population Numbers, Structure & Change VISIONS Desired Future Knowledge & Attitudes ACTIVITIES & PROCESSES RESOURCES Natural, Economic & Social Resources LEARNING GROUPS Preschool, Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Vocational & Re-training, Third Age LEARNING PLACES Kindergartens, Play Spaces, Primary Schools, Secondary Schools, Universities, Workshops & On the Job Facilities, Research Institutes, Prisons KNOWLEDGE & ATTITUDINAL OUTCOMES Knowledge of Natural Sciences & Society, Professional & Technical Skills, Social Awareness & Capacities LEARNING PROCESSES Oral Skills, Literacy, Numeracy, E-Literacy, Play, Volunteerism, Social Learning VALUES Knowledge, Communication Productivity, Sustainability

10. Education Re-Shaping the World Rapid spread of mass literacy and numeracy throughout the world. Knowledge –power nexus: importance in all aspects of contemporary life of communication media of web, satellites, radio, television and print 21 st century productivity is increasingly tied to education and introduction of new skills of knowledge based industry

11. Methods of Learning and Issues of Knowledge There is a need to integrate: -informal education resulting from universal reach of contemporary communications and the web, with -systems of formal skills development for productivity, social life and culture Demographic projections of school and university populations can help accurate planning of building, investment and training programs for educational facilities These need to be carefully integrated with planning of other settlement forming activities such as locating land for housing, employment, public transport, and social services

12. Educational Provisions Key role of education in shaping communities and economies at all scales - neighbourhood primary schools district secondary ones urban vocational education training (VET) city and regional universities and national research institutes

13. Links to Other Systems Education promotes adaptation to technological change and therefore increasingly drives economic progress Learning capacity and acquired knowledge greatly influences health outcomes The locations and community links of schools and universities are major factors in urban structure and design Education plays crucial roles in developing cultural awareness, development and change

14. Health 1.A system driven by values of vitality, nurture, caring and curing 2.Global trends and needs 3.Practical methods and techniques 4.Links to other systems 5.Health provisions

15. The Health System PEOPLE Population Numbers, Structure & Change VISIONS Desired Future States ACTIVITIES & PROCESSES RESOURCES Natural, Economic & Social Resources LIFE CYCLE & HEALTH GROUPS Expectant Mothers, Children, Adolescents, Working Age Groups, People at Risk FACILITIES & PLACES Clinics (ante-natal and childcare), Surgeries, Hospitals, Specialist Services, Health Hubs, Home Care & Support SOCIAL OUTCOMES Achievement of Social Goals & Objectives: Personal Vitality, Mortality Rates, Social Activity Levels, Economic Participation Rates, Birth Rates, At Risk Groups MEDICAL PROCESSES Ante Natal Care, Paediatrics, General Practice, Specialist Services, Hospital Treatment, Community Care, Physiotherapy, Food Support Programs, Drug Treatment, Mental Health Care, Ambulance Systems VALUES Health, Vitality, Nurture, Caring, Curing

16. 1.Disease and epidemic control in a world of increasing interaction 2.Access to resources of secure clean water, air and food sources 3.Famine and obesity control and relief 4.Climate change response management 5.Equal access to health maintenance and national and local health systems Global Trends and Needs

17. 1.Demographic analysis of vital statistics 2.Life cycle health planning 3.Integration of facilities planning with activity centre and land use planning 4.Inclusive community governance arrangements round “Medicare locals” and regional health districts Practical Methods and Techniques

18. Advantages of integration into the pattern of central places at each level of settlement: Neighbourhood pharmacies and play spaces District medical centres with day care and community outreach facilities City hospital and home support system services Regional tertiary care and multi service agency with integrated administration and governance (“Medicare Locals”) Metropolitan major health research institutes Health Provisions

19. Importance for health maintenance and family planning of literacy and education Significance of healthy cities to community planning Roles of access and active transport in maintaining health Key roles of health to maintaining productivity Importance of integrated governance arrangements for health systems Links to Other Systems

20. Conclusion: The Many Facets of Community All major human activities – work, play, shelter and transport etc. - interact to create community life Each occupies and contributes to the qualities of places which shape our daily experiences of living The most interesting and successful places are those where these different uses and activities support each other and are planned and developed for mutual advantage Success in planning one activity depends upon understanding impacts and dependency relations with other activity systems.