1. Bell Ringer 1. Draw a horizontal line on your paper.
2. Write the word Birth at the start of the line and Beginning of Adolescence at the end.
3. Place at least 4 of your most important milestones on your “life-line”.

2. A. Mary Ainsworth B. Harry F. Harlow C. Konrad Lorenz
Bell Ringer – Use your “Major Studies in Infant and Childhood Development” Chart to match up each description to the correct Psychologist.
A. Mary Ainsworth
B. Harry F. Harlow
C. Konrad Lorenz
1. he was able to get newborn geese to become attached to him.
2. her study showed that most infants are very attached to their mothers.
3. found that most infants become upset when a stranger approaches them without their mother present.
4. study showed that newborn monkeys spent a greater amount of time with their cloth surrogate mother, than with their wire surrogate mother.
5. helped to prove that the bond between mothers and newborns stems from contact comfort rather than feeding.
6. Illustrated the concept of imprinting – the first moving object met by the newborn bird is somehow stamped immediately into its brain.

3. A. Jean Piaget B. Lawrence Kohlberg C. Diane Baumrind
Bell Ringer – Use your “Major Studies in Infant and Childhood Development” Chart to match up each description to the correct Psychologist.
1. Based on her research with American families, she came up with 3 styles of parenting – authoritative, permissive, and authoritarian.
2. Found that children’s thinking develops in a sequence of stages – younger children do not understand concepts that older children do.
3. Described authoritative parents as those that combine warmth with positive kinds of strictness.
4. Used a story about a man who steals a drug to save his dying wife to research the moral development of children.
5. Found that the youngest children base “right and wrong” on doing what is necessary to avoid punishment.
6. Whild observing children performing different tasks, he found that children under the age of 7 did not understand the concept of conservation.
A. Jean Piaget
B. Lawrence Kohlberg
C. Diane Baumrind

4. Bell-Ringer
Read the following situation, and then explain how each of the four types of parents might respond.
Authoritarian -
Authoritative -
Permissive -
Uninvolved –
Little Edwin gets in trouble in class for disrupting his 1st grade teacher by talking to his classmates. The teacher calls home and tells Edwin’s mom about the situation.

5. Developmental Psychology-Infancy and Childhood
Unit 7

6. Developmental Psychology
The study of YOU from womb to tomb!
A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive and social changes throughout the lifespan.

7. Developmental Psychology
Two BIG Issues
1. Nature vs. Nurture
2. Stages vs. Continuity

8. Nature Versus Nurture
While going through this unit always been in the back of your head….
Are you who you are because of:
The way you were born- Nature.
The way you were raised- Nurture.

9. Stages Versus Continuity
Does change occur smoothly over time? – Continuity
Or through a series of predetermined steps? – Stages
Are there stages in which skills emerge at certain points of development?

10. Developmental Psychology
There are three types of development we will study…
physical development
cognitive development
social development

11. 1. Physical Development
Focus on our physical changes over time.

12. Physical Development
Maturation – Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.
Physical growth, regardless of the environment.
Although the timing of our growth may be different, the sequence is almost always the same.

13. 2. Cognitive Development
Focus on how our thought process develops
Thinking
Communicating
Learning

14. 3. Social Development Focus on interactions with others Relationships
how we act around others

15. 2. Complete the correct section of the chart with your group members.
Major Studies in Infant and Childhood Development: Read your article on your own.
In Your Small Group . . .
1. Have each member summarize what they learned about the study – EVERYONE gets a turn!
2. Complete the correct section of the chart with your group members.
3. Write your findings on your Big Sheet of Paper so you can share with your classmates.

16. Infant and Childhood Development
newborn: birth – 1 month
infant: 1 month – 2 years
childhood: 2-12

17. 1-Physical Development: Healthy Newborns
Turn head towards voices .
See 8 to 12 inches from their faces.
Gaze longer at human like objects right from birth.

18. Physical Development: Motor Skills
Infants do not LEARN these skills, it is part of maturation…

19. Physical Development: Infant Motor Development
Sequence is the same- but once again, timing varies.
First learn to roll over, sit up unsupported, crawl, walk etc…

20. Physical Development: Reflexes
Inborn automatic responses.
Rooting
Sucking
Grasping
Moro-startle
Babinski-soles/toes

21. 2-Cognitive Development
It was thought that kids were just stupid versions of adults.
Then came along Jean Piaget
Kids learn differently than adults

22. Cognitive Development
Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
Intelligence & the ability to understand develops gradually as the child grows
Young children think differently than older children and adults
4 stages

23. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational

24. Stages of Cognitive Development
Stage 1-Sensorimotor Stage
Experience the world through our senses.
Do NOT have object permanence*.
Age 0-2
**shaking a rattle, banging on toys, banging on tray of high chair
*Before object permanence- what is out of sight, is gone from the universe forever.

25. no object permanence yet!

26. Stages of Cognitive Development Stage 2-Preoperational Stage
Have object permanence
Begin to use language to represent objects and ideas
Egocentric- cannot look at the world through anyone’s eyes but their own.
Do NOT understand concepts of conservation.
Animism

27. Egocentric

28. Stages of Cognitive Development Preoperational Stage
Conservation - idea that a quantity remains the same despite changes in appearance
part of logical thinking.

29. Conservation

30. Stages of Cognitive Development Stage 3-Concrete Operational Stage
7-11 years old
Understand concept of conservation.
Can think logically, use analogies, and perform mathematical transformations.

31. Stages of Cognitive Development Stage 4-Formal Operational Stage
What would the world look like with no light?
Picture god
What way do you best learn?
Abstract reasoning
Manipulate objects in our minds without seeing them
Hypothesis testing
Trial and Error
Not every adult gets to this stage

32. Social Development

33. Social Development
Up until about a year, infants do not mind strange people.
At about a year, infants develop stranger anxiety.

34. Social Development
Stranger anxiety - The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age.

35. Social Development: Attachment
The most important social construct an infant must develop is attachment
a bond with a caregiver.
Lorenz discovered that some animals form attachment through imprinting.
Factors:
Body Contact
Familiarity
Responsive Parenting

36. Social Development Then this guy came along……..
It was first assumed that infants became attached to those who satisfied their need for nourishment.
Then this guy came along……..

37. Social Development: Attachment
Harry Harlow and his monkeys.
Harry showed that monkeys needed touch to form attachment.

38. Harry Harlow & His Monkeys

39. Social Development: Attachment
Effects of Deprived of Attachment:
Trouble forming attachment when they are older.
Often withdrawn, frightened and in extreme cases speechless.
*Harlow’s monkeys would either cower in fright or act extremely aggressive. Many could not mate and if they could, the mothers were unresponsive parents.

40. Social Development
Parenting styles have been shown to have a positive correlational effect on a child’s self-concept
Self-Concept -A sense of one’s identity and self-worth.
Three General Classifications of Parenting Styles:

41. Social Development: Parenting Styles
Authoritarian Parents
Permissive Parents
Authoritative Parents