1. Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration FY06 Candidate
10 February 2005
to Joint Seabased Theater Access Workshop
Birth of ETA ICT – 2003 MANSCEN started
Co-sponsored by MG Von Antwerp and MG Dail in May 2003
ETA included:
JRAC – successful STO – demo this past summer, finish with C17 demo in FY07
SPARTAN – successful FY02 ACTD that’s finishing
RPE – includes LMCS – also a STO
During planning for an ETA ACTD – scoped down to SPOD focus – hence name
Technical Manager
Operational Manager
Transition Manager
Dr. Donald Resio
US Army Engineer R&D Center
Mr. Bruce Fink
USPACOM, J4
LTC Phil Schoenig
PM Army Watercraft Systems
2 Feb 05

2. Joint Warfighting Problem
Joint Force Commanders cannot fully exploit multiple austere sea ports of debarkation (SPOD) to support warfighting requirements for the rapid throughput of combat power and sustainment into the theater of operations and intra-theater operational maneuver.
Many austere SPODs that could be operationally useful to the JFC are not accessible by current and future intra-theater sealift vessels.
Current databases and planning tools do not include characterization of austere sea and river ports.
Medium/heavy high speed sealift lack the means to rapidly discharge combat power and sustainment at austere SPODs or JLOTS operations due to bulky and complex causeway systems that can only be delivered on medium to deep draft, slow-moving vessels. Existing causeway systems are not transportable or employable by the Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV).
Early entry distribution of sustainment cargo is too slow across current causeway systems.
The warfighting problem is that current capabilities limit the JFC’s ability to conduct rapid intratheater maneuver by relegating access to mostly larger, deep draft ports and virtually eliminating the capability to discharge combat power at austere ports.
Many austere ports that may be operationally attractive, are not accessible
Another part of the problem……And current databases and planning tools do not include small austere ports and riverine sites.
Also…..we have to rely on bulky and slow-to-emplace causeway systems; delivered on slow-moving vessels.
Finally…..Early entry distribution of sustainment is too slow across current causeways. Future Force CONOPS, with near-simultaneous D-E-S, relies greatly on containerization, therefore, there’s going to be need for moving containers and 463L pallets – early, often, and rapidly; Early entry sustainment using causeways is slow due to reliance on RTCH.
2 Feb 05

3. Advanced Concept Solution
Concept directly supports Joint Force Projection & Sustainment and Seabasing Joint Integrating Concepts (JIC); also supports key UofA CONOPS enabler: Assured Mobility.
Provides capabilities to allow the Joint Force Commander (JFC) to exploit and
optimize the throughput of current watercraft and future high speed sealift
vessels for intra-theater lift.
Mitigates threat anti-access strategies.
Speeds deployment to reduce force closure timelines of building combat power.
Supports fast-paced operations through more rapid deployment.
Operationally useful small port data is made available to the JFC.
LMCS Container Handling System (CHS)
Increase throughput
Reduce Materiel Handling Equipment (MHE)
Improve safety
The concept solution includes the development of a SPOD planning tool, a Lightweight Modular Causeway System, and a Container Handling System for use with the LMCS.
This solution not only addresses a capability gap of “austere SPOD enhancement” and supports the Joint Force Projection & Sustainment, and Seabasing JICs, but also supports the key UA CONOPS enabler of Assured Mobility. (the planning tool supports “developing the COP; the causeway development supports “maintaining mobility and momentum”)
Lightweight Modular Causeway System (LMCS)
Interface w/ JHSV
Reduce employment time
Compatible with current lighters
SPOD Planning Tool
Mission planning hardware & software
Rapid remote SPOD assessment
Winch System
Vessel
ISO Container
Cradle
Cable
Small Port Analysis & Planning Tool (used by operational Joint Staff)
Provide a queriable database
Develop a Port Characterization Model
Develop an Inferential Model
Increase availability of throughput prediction information to 50-80% of worldwide small ports
2 Feb 05
Lightweight Modular Causeway System (LMCS)
Uses inflatable pneumatic floatation tubes -- expected to save 60% in weight and volume compared to existing MCS Causeway, while retaining 100% of MCS payload capacity.
Design concept includes high-tensile strength fiber straps, providing a continuous mechanism to eliminate in-water connections – can be deployed in hours vice days.
LMCS Container Handling System (CHS)
Increase throughput of containers and 463L pallets from TSV/HSC
Adds stability especially in higher sea-states
Adds safety and reliability by eliminating MHE vehicle on causeway
Aids in transferring load from section to section
Aids in centering load between rails/curbs

4. Concept of Operations Joint Enable Theater Access -SPOD
Ensure Joint Forces can deploy and freely enter any theater of operations:
Mitigate adverse effects of the environment (terrain, weather, enemy action, etc.)
Significantly increase number of SPOD theater entry points available to the JFC
Rapidly upgrade existing infrastructure at austere SPODS
Enhance JHSV entry capabilities into austere SPODs
Lightweight Modular Causeway System (LMCS)
LMCS Container Handling System
SPOD Planning Tool
Sea Base
Lightweight Modular Causeway System (LMCS)
SPOD planning tool (home station and enroute) will significantly increase the number of SPOD entry point options for JFC
LMCS – used at protected ports/harbors and also alternative sites such as inland waterways, will mitigate the effects of enemy anti-access or degradation at ports (due to enemy sabatoge or weather, e.g. tsunami). This will reduce force closure times.
LMCS also has other unique advantages – lightweight, can be airlifted or trucked to location to give JFC quick ability to access inland water shore areas, wet area crossings, and estuary/mud flats (very common to west coast of Korea) MANSCEN also interested in pursuing capability to translate beyond SPODs, and possibly a future bridging solution
CHS – will support rapid sustainment/increased throughput of containerized cargo
Many of the ETA CONOPS were exercised recently during Sea Viking 04 (USMC-led, JFCOM co-sponsored). LMCS in particular was used extensively to expand commander’s options at small ports and up riverine access points.
Also in Unified Quest 05 this May.
JETA-SPOD capabilities:
Provide small port database &
planning tool - increases SPOD options for the JFC
Mitigate threat anti-access strategies
Increase throughput of combat power through multiple austere SPODs
Reduce force closure timelines
Allows JFC to quickly access inland water shore areas, wet area xings, and estuary/mud flats
Support rapid, simultaneous deployment/employment/sustainment
2 Feb 05

5. Demonstration Plan
Incremental modeling, laboratory testing, and field demonstrations will be conducted to determine overall effectiveness of the technologies.
Field demonstrations will be conducted to determine the adequacy of JETA-SPOD CONOPS and suitability for the various ACTD technology focus areas.
The demonstrations will provide adequate test data to independent evaluators to support the military utility assessment.
Final demonstration of SPOD planning tool, LMCS, and CHS will be conducted in an integrated operational environment.
Modeling, lab testing and field demo’s will be conducted to evaluate the component technologies
Field demo’s will also help us develop, exercise, and refine the JETA-SPOD CONOPS and TTPs
Our proposed operational venues for demonstration and utility assessment include the following:
Hawaii - Various Training Sites - Initial capabilities proof of concept (Bellows, MCBH, Kona)
S. Korea - Ulchi Focus Lens (UFL) - annually - Principle application: Mud Flat support Seconday application: HSV Deployment to Unimproved Beach off load support
Thailand - Cobra Gold - annually - Principle application: Predeployment Port Readiness (Fly In, Overland Deployement for shore out proof of concept) Secondary application: MPF alternate Pier Support
Australia - Talisman Saber - FY07/09 - Principle application: Shallow beach access supporting in stream off load Seconday application: in-land water way, marsh land bridging
2 Feb 05

6. Risk reduction measures/comments
Core Technologies
Technology
Technology Readiness Level
Risk Assessment
Risk reduction measures/comments
SPOD Mission Planning Tools
TRL 6
Low Risk
Data can be developed as module for existing databases.
Lightweight Modular Causeway System (LMCS)
Experimental tests with various LMCS versions will have already been developed, constructed, and employed. A very sound technical base and concept of initial cost will exist.
LMCS Container Handling System (CHS)
Component technical readiness is mature for CHS; the main technical risk is integration of CHS and LMCS.
The technical risk is relatively low; the main risk involved is integration risk inherent in the assembly of the CHS with the LMCS
2 Feb 05

7. LMCS is a Hybrid of Tactical Fixed Bridging and Floating Causeway Systems
Tactical bridging design concept: Structural stiffness supports entire load between fixed supports
Floating Causeway Design Concept: Local buoyancy supports all loads
LMCS - Solves coupled equations for optimal structural stiffness combined with floatation: Analytical Solutions, Finite Element Analysis, Physical Models Mid-scale Demo (1:3 scale) - USMC funding
2 Feb 05

8. Deflection vs Stiffness
FY06 ACTD Candidate
Deflection vs Stiffness
Asymptotic to Zero
Negative Deflection, inches
Approximate Value for
Current Design
Asymptotic
to Archimedes Depth 10
INNOVATIVE JOINT CONCEPT ANALYSIS
2 Feb 05

9. Deflection Under M1A2 Loading
Deflection (in.)
Distance along Causway (ft.)
2 Feb 05

10. LMCS Innovative Design Concept: High-Strength Fiber Connections
SIDE VIEW
Greatly facilitates deployment – No in-water connections
Significantly reduces effects of excess loads on structure (compliant)
Retains overall system stiffness of steel connectors
2 Feb 05

11. Metrics Parameters Baseline Threshold Objective
SPOD Planning Tools – % of worldwide small ports covered by throughput prediction information tool
Near zero
50%
80%
# of TSV-Compatible Ports X 5X 8X
Causeway System – weight
MCS
↓50%
↓60%
Causeway System – volume
↓65%
Employment time
~8 hrs/section (MCS)
3hrs/section
2hrs/section
Port Throughput Rate 2X 4X
Safety considerations
Numerous in-water connections per section
No in-water connections per section
2 Feb 05

12. MCS vs LMCS MCS LMCS Assembly time
Number of personnel required for assembly
Supporting equipment required
Space & Weight
Side-Loading Warping Tug
Rigid-Hulled Inflatable Boat
Strategic Ship
JHSV
2 Feb 05

13. Schedule
FY06
FY07
FY08
FY09
FY10
Initial CONOPS
Document
Final CONOPS
Document
Final TTP
Document
CONOPS
& TTPs
CONOP & TTP Development
Version I Planning Tool
Population of Data Library
JCCS (TRANSCOM) Planning Tool
Planning Tool Development & Integration
Software Development, Integration & Test
Optimized LMCS Design
Full Scale Component Testing Complete
LMCS Fabrication & ACTD Demo
LMCS/CHS Development & Integration
LMCS Development, Integration & Test
Proposed schedule to keep risk at a minimum, while maintaining an aggressive demo timeline. Main risk to schedule may be the dependence on vessel availability for demos.
Also looking to spiral out a preliminary data set and tool for PACOM use after first year.
USMC-funded effort actually precedes the LMCS development – FY05: 1/3-scale model of LMCS will be tested.
Full Scale Components Demo
Demo #1
MAPEX
Demo #2
LAB/EX
Final MUA
Report
Final ACTD Demo
Demonstrations
& MUA
ACTD
Complete
Initial EUE &
Transition Plan
Final EUE &
Transition Plan
EUE & Transition
EUE & Transition Planning
EUE Support
2 Feb 05

14. Players Lead Service: Army Sponsoring Combatant Command: USPACOM
Operational Manager (OM): USPACOM, J4
OM Team: USARPAC, MARFORPAC
Technical Manager (TM): Army ERDC, Army TARDEC, USMC (TBD)
Supporting CoCOMs: USTRANSCOM, USJFCOM
Supporting Services: USN, USMC
Transition Manager (XM): PM Army Watercraft Systems, PM Force Projection, PEO Ships (TBD)
Coalition: Australia
2 Feb 05

15. Transition Strategy Joint transition includes:
Army submit POM issue for FY08-13
Extended User Evaluation of Residual Package by PACOM
Follow-on System Development & Demonstration, Production and Fielding with PM AWS, PEO Ships
Targeted Program(s) of Record:
Modular Causeway System, Joint High Speed Vessel, Military Intelligence Database (MIDB)
Transition strategy will involve working a POM issue for FY08-13 POM.
PM AWS will work transition plan
Targeted programs of record include the Modular Causeway System, the Joint High Speed Vessel, and the DIA Military Intelligence Database.
2 Feb 05

16. Residuals for Extended User Evaluation
Residuals for USPACOM:
Small Port Analysis Software - Initial spiral with USPACOM SPOD data – FY06
Expanded Small Port Characterization Database and Analysis Software – FY08
One (1) LMCS ( ft) – FY08
One (1) LMCS CHS – FY08
2 Feb 05

17. ACTD Costs (Yearly, $M) Item FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 TOTAL
SPOD select/assess SW
.75
1.00
2.50
LMCS
3.20
4.20
5.50
12.90
CHS
3.00
Sponsor/Operational Mgt
Demonstrations
.50
Residual Support
Total
5.70
7.45
10.75
24.90
Developmental Prototypes
2 Feb 05

18. FY06 ACTD Candidate
Funding Sources
*USMC provided 1.45M (.9M in FY04, .55M in FY05) to support small port analysis and LMCS development efforts
2 Feb 05

19. Summary Technical Schedule Cost Management No Show Stoppers
Port Planning Software Tool (TRL=6)
Lightweight Modular Causeway System (LMCS) (TRL=6)
LMCS Container Handling System (TRL=6)
Dependency on vessel availability for demos
LMCS and CHS schedules can run concurrently to minimize risk
$6M UFR (after proposed OSD contribution)
Pursuing additional USN/USMC In-Kind funding
Management Team has extensive ATD and ACTD experience
LOW
Risk
LOW
Risk
MEDIUM
Risk
LOW
Risk
No Show Stoppers
2 Feb 05

20. Questions ? Points of Contact:
US Army Transportation Center, DPMO: MAJ Tom Waild,
Engineer Research and Development Center: Dr. Don Resio,
US Army Maneuver Support Center: Mr. Vern Lowery,
USPACOM, J4: Mr. Bruce Fink,
PM Army Watercraft Systems: LTC Phil Schoenig,
Questions ?
2 Feb 05

21. Back Up
2 Feb 05

22. Key Briefings and Support
MANSCEN Letter of Support – MG Von Antwerp – Jun 04
Chief of Transportation Support – MG Geehan – Jul 04
Joint Staff, J4 – Aug 04
USJFCOM, J8/9 – Mr. Ryneska – Sep 04
PM Force Projection – COL Goddette – Sep 04
CDR, ERDC – COL Rowan – Sep 04
Director, ERDC – Dr. Houston – Sep 04
USPACOM, J41, J43 – COL Andrews, COL Gitto – Oct 04
USARPAC, Experimentation – Andrew Wood – Oct 04
Army Power Projection Program, Council of Colonels – Nov 04
USTRANSCOM, J5, JICTRANS – Nov 04, Jan 05
TRADOC Futures Center – COL Lemire – Nov 04
ASAALT – Mr. Graver – Nov 04
HQDA, G8-FDT – Mr. Franco – Nov 04
HQDA, G3, S&T LNO – Mr. Murphy – Nov 04
CG MANSCEN – MG Castro – Nov 04
High Speed Sealift – ExecCom – N42, Mr. Kaskin, chair, CAPT Orban – Dec 04
MARFORPAC AC/S, G4, PACOM Branch Chief – COL Yff – Dec 04
USPACOM, J4 – BG Kennon – Dec 04
DUSD (AS&C) – Mr. Winegrad, Mr. Shriber – Dec 04
DUSD (AS&C) – Ms. Payton (Breakfast Club) – Jan 05
Defense Science Board – GEN (Ret) Tuttle – Jan 05
2 Feb 05

23. Material Handling System for LMCS
Resting point & pulley (secured to LMCS)
Cradle
Cable
ISO Containers
2 way winch system
Vessel
LMCS
ISO Containers
463L Pallets
Aerial View
2 Feb 05

24. Joint Enable Theater Access – Sea Ports of Debarkation (JETA-SPOD)
Problem: Joint Force Commanders cannot exploit multiple austere sea ports of debarkation (SPOD) for the rapid throughput of combat power and sustainment into the theater of operations and intra-theater operational maneuver
- Current databases/planning tools lack austere sea/river ports.
- Current sealift lacks relies on bulky causeway systems that can only be delivered on slow moving vessels.
- Early entry container handling operations are too slow across current causeway systems.
Objectives: Demonstrate a system to allow rapid discharge and optimize throughput of high speed connector platforms to austere SPODs.
- Demonstrate planning/decision support tool to assist warfighters’ assessment and selection of austere SPOD options.
- Unload vehicles and containers from watercraft using a causeway system and container handling system
Solution:
SPOD Planning Tool
Lightweight Modular Causeway System (LMCS)
LMCS Container Handling System (CHS)
A solution for current fleet watercraft as well as future Joint High Speed Vessel.
Technologies:
High tensile strength fibers
Quick deploy lightweight pneumatics
The warfighting problem is that current capabilities limit the JFC’s ability to conduct rapid intratheater maneuver by relegating access to mostly larger, deep draft ports and virtually eliminating the capability to discharge combat power at austere ports, whether using High Speed Connectors (like TSV) or other watercraft like the LMSRs and LSVs.
Many austere ports that may be operationally attractive, are not accessible
And current databases and planning tools do not include small austere ports and riverine sites.
Medium/Heavy sealift has to rely on bulky and slow-to-emplace causeway systems; delivered on slow-moving vessels. The current causeway systems could not be transported by the High Speed Connectors
Early entry container handling is too slow across current causeways. Future Force CONOPS, with near-simultaneous D-E-S, relies greatly on containerization, therefore, there’s going to be need for moving containers – early, often, and rapidly; Early entry sustainment using causeways is slow due to reliance on RTCH.
Participants
COCOM Sponsor: PACOM
OM: PACOM, J4
TM: US Army Engineering R&D Center (ERDC)
XM: Army PM Force Projection, PEO Ships
Others: TRANSCOM, USMC
Schedule
FY06: Initial CONOPS doc; 1st SPOD Planning tool spiral
FY07: Full Scale Component Demos
FY08: Final CONOPS doc; SPOD planning tool; Final System Utility Assessment
Residuals
SPOD Planning Tool
One LMCS
One LMCS CHS
Comments
Endorsed by Chief of Transportation (29 Jul 04)
Endorsed by CG, MANSCEN (28 Jun 04)
Supported by USTRANSCOM, JFCOM
Warfighter support: USARPAC, MARFORPAC
Total ACTD Cost ($24.9M)
Small Port Analysis & Planning Tool (used by operational Joint Staff)
Provide a queriable database
Develop a Port Characterization Model
Develop an Inferential Model
Increase availability of throughput prediction information to 50-80% of worldwide small ports
Lightweight Modular Causeway System (LMCS)
2 Feb 05
POC: Dr. Don Resio, (601) ,
Uses inflatable pneumatic floatation tubes -- expected to save 60% in weight and volume compared to existing MCS Causeway, while retaining 100% of MCS payload capacity.
Design concept includes high-tensile strength fiber straps, providing a continuous mechanism to eliminate in-water connections – can be deployed in hours vice days.
LMCS Container Handling System (CHS)
Increase throughput of containers and 463L pallets from TSV/HSC
Adds stability especially in higher sea-states
Adds safety and reliability by eliminating MHE vehicle on causeway
Aids in transferring load from section to section
Aids in centering load between rails/curbs