1. DEVELOPMENT
Process of improving the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology.

2. BIPOLAR WORLD
MDC & LDC
More developed country   Least developed country
Clustered into spaces
Developing/ Emerging countries: made some progress and expected to continue.

3. Why Does Development Vary Among Countries?
C9K1

4. Objective Economic indicators of development
Social indicators of development
Demographic indicators of development

5. Why Does Development Vary Among Countries?
(HDI) Human Development Index: recognizes countries economic, social, and demographic development.
(GDP) Gross Domestic Product: is the value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a year.
GDP Per Capita: divided by total country population.
Qatar 88,000, US 45,000, Congo 312
45,000

6. Economic Indicators of Development:

7. Types of Jobs
SECTORS 1) Primary/ agriculture 2) Secondary/ manufacturing 3) Tertiary/ services
Other economic indicators 1) types of jobs 2) worker productivity 3) availability of consumer goods
MDC/ LDC reflect different sector %.
PRIMARY: directly extracts raw materials like mining, fishing, forestry SECONDARY: transform/ assemble to products TERTIERY: law, banking, retail, edu, gov

8. Productivity
Is the value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed
MDC more productive than LDC
Value added: gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy. WHY?
US/5000 compared to India/ 100

9. Consumer Goods
Transportation/ communication: vital to economic growth.
LDC: mostly found in overcrowded urban sprawl
MDC/ 1000: 1) phones 800 2) cars 400 3) Internet 400
LDC/ 1000: 1) phones 200 2) cars 20 3) Internet 100
Trains, Cars, telephones, computers… most prevalent in MDC

10. Social Indicators of Development
MDC: wealth is invested in schools, hospitals, welfare. (more quantity & better quality)
Education: 1) teacher/student ratio MDC <20 LDC >30
2) literacy: MDC 98% LDC <60%
LDC: requires reading/ writing in another language.
EDU: MDC <20 (98%) LDC>30 (<60%)

11. Health & Welfare
MDC: receive more calories, proteins, more % of GDP on healthcare.
MDC: Public Assistance: sick, elderly, poor, disabled, orphaned, veterans, widows, unemployed, single parents.
LDC: Public Assistance: gov. limited, non-profit, prayer.
HEALTHCARE: MDC 70/30% ratio LDC >505 USA 45/55%

12. Demographic Indicators of Development
Life expectancy: difference is 10+ yr
mortality: MDC <1% LDC <6%.
Natural Increase Rate: MDC .2% LDC 1.5%
Crude Birth Rate: LDC 23/1000 MDC 12/1000

13. Where Are MDCs and LDCs Distributed?
C9K2

14. OBJECTIVES
MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS
LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS

15. 9 MAJOR REGIONS
NA, EU, LA, EA, SWA & North Africa, SEA, CA, sub-Sahara Africa + Russia, Japan, Oceania

16. N. America HDI .95 High GDP/ Literacy, Low Edu/ life expectancy
Past: major manufacturer but loss jobs to Japan, Europe, and China.
Leader in tertiary-sector
Leading consumer, entertainment, mass media, sports, recreation, defense, food exporter

17. Europe HDI .93 Largest & richest market. 15 of the highest 19 HDI
High-value goods and services (banking/ luxury motor vehicles)
World Recession has created revealed major problems in the EU

18. Russia: HDI .73
1991: Transformed from a centrally planned communist economy to a market economy
Economy drastically declined. Gangsters became wealthy
Resurgence with oil production but global recession reverts growth.

19. JAPAN: HDI .96 Extremely unfavorable ratio of population to resources.
Advantage: 1) work ethic 2) lower cost products 3) high quality products 4) research & development
2. Willing to work long hours for low wages attracted foreign business 3. sell same product that others 3) focus on electronics, automobiles,

20. Oceania: HDI .90 Australia & New Zealand
Marginal: 1) small population 2) peripheral location
Mining, food exports
Iron ore, lead manganese, nickel, titanium, zinc