1. Lewis Shepherd lewiss@microsoft.com www.ShepherdsPi.com GOVERNMENT AND THE REVOLUTION IN SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING

2. OVERVIEW Innovations in Data / Computing / Modeling / Science Government’s Role Reasons for Pessimism, Rationale for Optimism

3. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION IN DATA

4. A Thousand years ago – Experimental Science –Description of natural phenomena (With thanks to Jim Gray)

5. Last few hundred years – Theoretical Science –Newton’s Laws, –Maxwell’s Equations…

6. Last few decades – Computational Science –Simulation of complex phenomena

7. Today – Data-Intensive Science –Scientists overwhelmed with data sets from many different sources Data captured by instruments Data generated by simulations Data generated by sensor networks  eScience is the set of tools and technologies to support data federation and collaboration For analysis and data mining For data visualization and exploration For scholarly communication and dissemination (With thanks to Jim Gray) With thanks to Jim Gray Pleiades star cluster from the Digitized Sky Survey combined with an image of the moon, synthesized within the WorldWide Telescope service.

8. DATA GOES UBIQUITOUS

9. DATA AND CLOUD AS PART OF A WHOLE

10. SCIENTIFIC TOOLS FOR NEW ERA

11. CLOUD GIVES REPRODUCIBLE RESEARCH

12. PROGRAMMING BECOMES MODELING

13. TECHNICAL COMPUTING INITIATIVE

14. THE MICROPROCESSOR GETS INVENTED - AGAIN

15. EMPOWERING PEOPLE SIMPLY THROUGH COMPLEXITY

16. OPEN DATA SETS AND PROTOCOLS

17. CITIZEN SCIENCE

18. DECLINE OF RESEARCH

19. Simon Cameron, U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania A leading voice during 1861 debate over Smithsonian Institution funding, during run-up to War “I am tired of all this thing called science.... We have spent millions in that sort of thing for the last few years, and it is time it should be stopped.” America’s Long Tradition of Government Supporting Research

20. Later in 1861: Named by Abraham Lincoln to head the 19 th Century’s military-industrial complex (Secretary of War) 1866: Re-elected to U.S. Senate 1862: Ousted for corruption, censured by the House of Representatives for “contract manipulations” America’s Long Tradition of Government Supporting Research

21. PRESIDENT’S INAUGURAL ADDRESS JANUARY 20, 2009 “We'll restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology's wonders…”

22. 2009: STIMULATING SCIENCE American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (“the Stimulus Bill”) $24 billion in new funding for science and R&D, e.g. $10 billion for NIH $3 billion for NSF $1 billion for NASA

23. FY 2010: LIVING IN OUTLIER TIMES Stimulus + Budget = unprecedented increases for agencies Conferencees between House and Senate actually chose the higher R&D funding levels between their two versions. "It has been a very unusual year" - Al Teich, Director, AAAS Science and Policy Programs

24. But taking the long view, a less-rosy picture

25. HISTORICAL TRENDS IN FEDERAL R&D FUNDING

26. RISK

27. THE TIMELINE OF SCIENCE

28. RESEARCH OF THE FUTURE