1. Chapter 8: The Presidency Section 1: President and Vice President Section 2: Electing the President Section 3: The Cabinet Section 4: The Executive Office Section 1: President and Vice President Section 2: Electing the President Section 3: The Cabinet Section 4: The Executive Office

2. Section 1: President and Vice President  I: Duties of the President  A. How do we know what the president’s job description is?  B. Major duties of the president according to the Constitution include  ______________________  _______________________________  Meet with heads of foreign governments (___________________)  I: Duties of the President  A. How do we know what the president’s job description is?  B. Major duties of the president according to the Constitution include  ______________________  _______________________________  Meet with heads of foreign governments (___________________)

4. II: President’s Term and Salary  A. The president is limited to two terms by the ________ Amendment.  This precedent was set by _____________, but _________________ with this tradition by running for a 3rd and 4th term  Technically, a president could serve for as long as ____ years. How is this possible? B. Congress sets the president’s salary, which has been $__________ since 2001.  A. The president is limited to two terms by the ________ Amendment.  This precedent was set by _____________, but _________________ with this tradition by running for a 3rd and 4th term  Technically, a president could serve for as long as ____ years. How is this possible? B. Congress sets the president’s salary, which has been $__________ since 2001.

5. II: continued  Additional compensation and benefits include...  $___________ a year travel allowance (tax free)  $___________ expense account (tax free)  Special ______________  Free health and dental insurance  _______room mansion with a movie theater, bowling alley, pool, tennis courts, and a staff of ______ to take care of it.  Lifetime pension (currently $____________/year)  Allowance to pay for _____________  Personal security force even after leaving office  A vacation house (Camp David)  Additional compensation and benefits include...  $___________ a year travel allowance (tax free)  $___________ expense account (tax free)  Special ______________  Free health and dental insurance  _______room mansion with a movie theater, bowling alley, pool, tennis courts, and a staff of ______ to take care of it.  Lifetime pension (currently $____________/year)  Allowance to pay for _____________  Personal security force even after leaving office  A vacation house (Camp David)

6. III: Presidential Qualifications  A. The requirements for president are set by the Constitution:  1. Must be a ____________citizen (some people want to change that)  2. At least ______years old  3. Resident of the U.S. for at least _______ years  A. The requirements for president are set by the Constitution:  1. Must be a ____________citizen (some people want to change that)  2. At least ______years old  3. Resident of the U.S. for at least _______ years

7. Presidential Qualifications continued  Although not specified by the Constitution, it’s helpful to...  1. Have ____________________in government  Many presidents and candidates have been _____________, or _____________________  2. Be able to ______________________  Candidates may spend up to $33.78 million dollars in the primaries and $67.56 million in the general election.  3. Hold _________________________  4. So far, presidents have shared similar ethnic, economic, racial and gender characteristics.  Although not specified by the Constitution, it’s helpful to...  1. Have ____________________in government  Many presidents and candidates have been _____________, or _____________________  2. Be able to ______________________  Candidates may spend up to $33.78 million dollars in the primaries and $67.56 million in the general election.  3. Hold _________________________  4. So far, presidents have shared similar ethnic, economic, racial and gender characteristics.

8. IV: Presidential Succession  Spelled out by the _________ Amendment  _________________  __________________  President ______________of the ____________  Secretary of _________  Other ________________  Also says what happens if the position of vice president becomes vacant. Has this happened in U.S. history?  Sets out rules for determining if the president cannot carry out his duties  Spelled out by the _________ Amendment  _________________  __________________  President ______________of the ____________  Secretary of _________  Other ________________  Also says what happens if the position of vice president becomes vacant. Has this happened in U.S. history?  Sets out rules for determining if the president cannot carry out his duties

9. V: The Vice President’s Role  The Constitution gives the VP two roles:  1. President _________________ and votes ________________________.  2. Help decide whether the president is incapable of his duties and take over if needed (________Amendment)  The Constitution gives the VP two roles:  1. President _________________ and votes ________________________.  2. Help decide whether the president is incapable of his duties and take over if needed (________Amendment)

10. Modern Responsibilities of the VP  “The only authority he (the VP) has is what the President gives him. He who giveth can taketh away.” Hubert Humphrey, VP to LBJ  [the vice presidency is] “the most insignificant office that ever the invention of man contrived or his imagination conceived”--John Adams  “I do not choose to buried until I am really dead.” Daniel Webster, on declining a vice-presidential nomination.  [the vice president’s job is ] “not worth a pitcher of warm spit.” John Nance Gardner, FDR’s VP  “The only authority he (the VP) has is what the President gives him. He who giveth can taketh away.” Hubert Humphrey, VP to LBJ  [the vice presidency is] “the most insignificant office that ever the invention of man contrived or his imagination conceived”--John Adams  “I do not choose to buried until I am really dead.” Daniel Webster, on declining a vice-presidential nomination.  [the vice president’s job is ] “not worth a pitcher of warm spit.” John Nance Gardner, FDR’s VP

11. VP’s role continued  A. The job of VP depends on what jobs, if any, the president assigns.  Earlier presidents basically ignored their VPs, but since ___________, presidents have come to rely more on VPs, especially for __________and defending ______________ _________________________.  ________________is arguably the most powerful VP in history...  “When you’re talking to Dick Cheney,you’re talking to me. When Dick Cheney’s talking, it’s me talking.” (p.219)  A. The job of VP depends on what jobs, if any, the president assigns.  Earlier presidents basically ignored their VPs, but since ___________, presidents have come to rely more on VPs, especially for __________and defending ______________ _________________________.  ________________is arguably the most powerful VP in history...  “When you’re talking to Dick Cheney,you’re talking to me. When Dick Cheney’s talking, it’s me talking.” (p.219)

12. Section 1 Discussion questions:  1. Compare the president’s duties in foreign policy with his duties in domestic policy.  2. Why are so many benefits available to presidents while they are in office?  What do you think is the most important qualification for the office of president?  Why have recent presidents given their VPs more responsibility?  1. Compare the president’s duties in foreign policy with his duties in domestic policy.  2. Why are so many benefits available to presidents while they are in office?  What do you think is the most important qualification for the office of president?  Why have recent presidents given their VPs more responsibility?

13. Section 2: Electing the President  I. The Original System  Is outlined in Article ______, section ___, which states that the candidate receiving the majority of the electoral votes becomes president.  The candidate with the second highest number becomes vice president  Why is this a terrible idea?  I. The Original System  Is outlined in Article ______, section ___, which states that the candidate receiving the majority of the electoral votes becomes president.  The candidate with the second highest number becomes vice president  Why is this a terrible idea?

14. How Does the Electoral College Work?  Each state sets up its own system for choosing its _____________.  Each state gets the same number of ___________ as it has ________________________________  How many electoral votes does Alabama get?  The earliest presidents were elected by the Electoral College only. There was no popular election.  See the links below for a good overview.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College  http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral- college/faq.html#popularelectoral http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral- college/faq.html#popularelectoral  Each state sets up its own system for choosing its _____________.  Each state gets the same number of ___________ as it has ________________________________  How many electoral votes does Alabama get?  The earliest presidents were elected by the Electoral College only. There was no popular election.  See the links below for a good overview.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College  http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral- college/faq.html#popularelectoral http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral- college/faq.html#popularelectoral

15. II: Impact of Political Parties  Early on, ____________________ (or “_________” were viewed negatively as divisive  The party system as we think of it today first had an impact on presidential elections in the election of ________________.  How did the president get chosen by the House of Representatives in 1800? See p. 221.  This event led to ratification of the _________amendment in 1804.  Other controversial elections have been in  1876 (Tilden v. Hayes “Compromise of 1877”)  1888 (Garfield v. Harrison)  2000 (Bush v. Gore)  Early on, ____________________ (or “_________” were viewed negatively as divisive  The party system as we think of it today first had an impact on presidential elections in the election of ________________.  How did the president get chosen by the House of Representatives in 1800? See p. 221.  This event led to ratification of the _________amendment in 1804.  Other controversial elections have been in  1876 (Tilden v. Hayes “Compromise of 1877”)  1888 (Garfield v. Harrison)  2000 (Bush v. Gore)

16. III: The Electoral College System Today  We still use the Electoral College to elect the President and Vice President  The EC today uses a “_____________” system for all but the electors from ________and ___________. So, in _____states, the electoral votes go to the candidate who won the popular vote.  The Electoral College vote is cast in December  We still use the Electoral College to elect the President and Vice President  The EC today uses a “_____________” system for all but the electors from ________and ___________. So, in _____states, the electoral votes go to the candidate who won the popular vote.  The Electoral College vote is cast in December

17. IV: Electoral College Issues  Critics say... (also see p. 227)  The winner-take-all system is unfair  The EC system makes it possible for the candidate who “won” the election by popular vote to lose the actual election.  (Remember, this has happened 4 times)  Third-party candidates could get enough EC votes to throw an election  The EC system makes it possible for the House of Representatives or the Supreme Court to end up deciding an election, not the people.  Critics say... (also see p. 227)  The winner-take-all system is unfair  The EC system makes it possible for the candidate who “won” the election by popular vote to lose the actual election.  (Remember, this has happened 4 times)  Third-party candidates could get enough EC votes to throw an election  The EC system makes it possible for the House of Representatives or the Supreme Court to end up deciding an election, not the people.

18. Ideas for Reform  There have been several proposals for changing the Electoral College system.  See p. 224-226  Which of these methods seems the most “fair” to you?  Why do we have the electoral college anyway?  There have been several proposals for changing the Electoral College system.  See p. 224-226  Which of these methods seems the most “fair” to you?  Why do we have the electoral college anyway?

19. V: the _________________  Is when the new president gets _______.  Leading officials from the various branches attend the ceremony.  The new president takes office at _____ on _________.  Presidents have used inaugural addresses to make some of their most famous speeches, such as JFK’s “ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.”  Is when the new president gets _______.  Leading officials from the various branches attend the ceremony.  The new president takes office at _____ on _________.  Presidents have used inaugural addresses to make some of their most famous speeches, such as JFK’s “ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.”

20. Section III: The Cabinet I: The Selection of the Cabinet A. What factors must the president consider? 1. Candidates’ ______________ 2. “balancing” the cabinet ______________ 3. __________________groups 4. ________,________ and _________consideration (always think ahead to the next election) 5. Leaders in their fields I: The Selection of the Cabinet A. What factors must the president consider? 1. Candidates’ ______________ 2. “balancing” the cabinet ______________ 3. __________________groups 4. ________,________ and _________consideration (always think ahead to the next election) 5. Leaders in their fields

21. Nominations and Confirmations  The president will draw up a list of candidates for positions in consultation with advisers and political leaders __________________--(especially with regard to Supreme Court nominations)  The president will often “_________” names _____________ to get reaction  The __________ must approve presidential appointments, so it holds ______________ hearings.  The president will draw up a list of candidates for positions in consultation with advisers and political leaders __________________--(especially with regard to Supreme Court nominations)  The president will often “_________” names _____________ to get reaction  The __________ must approve presidential appointments, so it holds ______________ hearings.

22. II: The Role of the Cabinet  A. Cabinet members are heads of the __________ departments.  George Washington set the precedent of having a cabinet; it is not set forth by the Constitution.  The original cabinet positions were Secretary of ________, Secretary of ____________, and the __________________________.  A. Cabinet members are heads of the __________ departments.  George Washington set the precedent of having a cabinet; it is not set forth by the Constitution.  The original cabinet positions were Secretary of ________, Secretary of ____________, and the __________________________.

23. Today, there are ______ cabinet level positions...  Dept. of State (453)  Dept. of Defense (601)  Dept. of Treasury (204)  Dept. of Justice (459)  Dept. of the Interior (228)  Dept. of Agriculture (412)  Dept. of Commerce (221)  Dept. of Labor  Dept. of Health and Human Services (333)  Dept. of State (453)  Dept. of Defense (601)  Dept. of Treasury (204)  Dept. of Justice (459)  Dept. of the Interior (228)  Dept. of Agriculture (412)  Dept. of Commerce (221)  Dept. of Labor  Dept. of Health and Human Services (333)  Dept. of Housing & Urban Development (142)  Dept. of Transportation (248)  Dept. of Energy (441)  Dept. of Education (205)  Dept. of Veterans’ Affairs (319)  Dept. of Homeland Security

24. Role of the Cabinet continued  Each president decides how much responsibility to give the cabinet  Modern presidents generally look more to White House staff and close friends as their advisors.  The “___________” is made up of the secretaries of state, defense and the treasury plus the attorney general. Their opinions usually carry more weight and they have more direct contact with the President.  Each president decides how much responsibility to give the cabinet  Modern presidents generally look more to White House staff and close friends as their advisors.  The “___________” is made up of the secretaries of state, defense and the treasury plus the attorney general. Their opinions usually carry more weight and they have more direct contact with the President.

25. What limits the role of the cabinet?  ______________--they may be more loyal to the agency or their constituency than to the president.  Cabinet members face pressures from _____________ and the ____________ that the president doesn’t have.  It’s hard to maintain secrecy among such a large group (15), so the president may be hesitant.  The president may not know the secretaries well even though s/he appointed them because of all the factors that go into making appointments.  ______________--they may be more loyal to the agency or their constituency than to the president.  Cabinet members face pressures from _____________ and the ____________ that the president doesn’t have.  It’s hard to maintain secrecy among such a large group (15), so the president may be hesitant.  The president may not know the secretaries well even though s/he appointed them because of all the factors that go into making appointments.

26. Section 4: The Executive Office  A. The EOP was created by _________ in _________.  B. The EOP has grown because  Presidents add _____________ as problems arise  Presidents rely on experts to advise them  Congress may create __________ that require agencies to administer them C. The Office of _________ and _______(OMB) is the largest part of the EOP. The OMB writes the budget proposal that the President gives to Congress every year.  A. The EOP was created by _________ in _________.  B. The EOP has grown because  Presidents add _____________ as problems arise  Presidents rely on experts to advise them  Congress may create __________ that require agencies to administer them C. The Office of _________ and _______(OMB) is the largest part of the EOP. The OMB writes the budget proposal that the President gives to Congress every year.

27. Executive Office Agencies continued  The National ________ Council is part of the EOP. It focuses on military and foreign policy issues.  The Council of __________ Advisors helps the president develop monetary policy and make economic decisions.  The president can add or eliminate agencies to the EOP.  The National ________ Council is part of the EOP. It focuses on military and foreign policy issues.  The Council of __________ Advisors helps the president develop monetary policy and make economic decisions.  The president can add or eliminate agencies to the EOP.

28. The White House Office  The president’s appointments to the White House Office __________have to be approved by the Senate.  The White House Office has become the most important part of the EOP.  The duties of the White House Office staff include:  Gathering _________ and providing _______ on key issues  Ensuring that executive departments and agencies carry out key directives from the president.  Presenting the president’s views to the public  Deciding who and what information gets through to the president.  The president’s appointments to the White House Office __________have to be approved by the Senate.  The White House Office has become the most important part of the EOP.  The duties of the White House Office staff include:  Gathering _________ and providing _______ on key issues  Ensuring that executive departments and agencies carry out key directives from the president.  Presenting the president’s views to the public  Deciding who and what information gets through to the president.