1. Comparing the properties of metals and non- metals MetalsNon-Metals Good conductors of electricityPoor conductors of electricity Good heat conductorsPoor heat conductors Malleable (can be moulded into shape) Non-malleable (brittle in their solid form) Ductile (can be pulled into wires) Non-ductile Shiny (when freshly cut)Not usually shiny Many have high melting pointsLow melting point Many have high boiling pointsLow boiling point

2. Ductility Electrons act as a type of lubricant between the layers of ions. This explains why it’s possible to pull metals to form wires. Melting Point The strength of metallic bonds depends on the number of outer electrons in the atoms (the more outer electrons there are, the higher the melting point). Electrical Conductors Connecting the sides to a battery makes the electrons move from the negative side towards the positive – this is the flow of current. Metals The key to understanding a metal’s properties lies in its structure positive ions free electrons A metal structure is an ordered pattern of positive ions in a ‘sea’ of negative electrons. Explaining the properties of METALS

3. Alloys Stainless steel is an example of an alloy used to make saucepans and cutlery. Some modern alloys can recover their shape after bending. These are used in frames for glasses. They are a type of ‘smart material’ called shape-memory alloy. Metallic Glass As mentioned previously, most solids have a structure that shows a regular pattern but it’s possible to form metals that show less of a pattern – these are the metallic glasses. Metallic glasses are three times as strong as steel and ten times more flexible, making them ideal for use as golf club-heads.