1. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe Bentley & Ziegler, TRADITIONS AND ENCOUNTERS, 2/e

2. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Fragmentation of Western Christendom The Protestant Reformation Martin Luther Reform Outside Germany John Calvin Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe

3. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Fragmentation of Western Christendom The Catholic Reformation The Council of Trent St. Ignatius Loyola The Society of Jesus Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe

4. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Fragmentation of Western Christendom Witch-Hunts and Religious Wars Witch-Hunting Religious Wars The Thirty Years’ War Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe

5. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Consolidation of Sovereign States The Attempted Revival of Empire Charles V Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe Sixteenth-Century Europe

6. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Consolidation of Sovereign States The Attempted Revival of Empire Charles V Imperial Fragmentation Foreign Challenges Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe

7. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Consolidation of Sovereign States The New Monarchs Finance State Power The Spanish Inquisition Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe Heretics Burned at the Stake

8. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Consolidation of Sovereign States Constitutional States and Absolute Monarchies Constitutional States Absolutism The Sun King Absolutism Outside France Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe

9. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Consolidation of Sovereign States The European States System The Peace of Westphalia Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe Europe after the Peace of Westphalia, 1648

10. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Consolidation of Sovereign States The European States System The Peace of Westphalia The Balance of Power Military Development Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe

11. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Early Capitalist Society Population Growth and Urbanization American Food Crops Population Growth Urbanization Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe

12. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Early Capitalist Society Early Capitalism and Protoindustrialization The Nature of Capitalism Supply and Demand Joint-Stock Companies Politics and Empire The Putting-Out System Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe

13. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Early Capitalist Society Social Change in Early Modern Europe Profit and Ethics The Nuclear Family Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe

14. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Science and Enlightenment The Reconception of the Universe The Ptolemaic Universe Planetary Movement Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe

15. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Science and Enlightenment The Reconception of the Universe The Ptolemaic Universe Planetary Movement The Copernican Universe Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe

16. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Science and Enlightenment The Scientific Revolution Galileo Galilei Isaac Newton Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe

17. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Science and Enlightenment The Enlightenment Science and Society Voltaire Deism The Theory of Progress Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe

18. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Sources From The Past: Adam Smith on the Capitalist Market Chapter Twenty-Four: The Transformation of Europe “Every individual is continually exerting himself to find out the most advantageous employment for whatever capital he can command. It is in his own advantage, indeed, and not that of society, which he has in view…” - An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations