1. Mendel’s Contribution(s)?

2. Mendel’s First Postulate Unit Factors in Pairs Genetic characteristics are controlled by unit factors that exist in pairs in individual organisms, Genetic characteristics are controlled by unit factors that exist in pairs in individual organisms, each individual receives one unit factor from each parent, each individual receives one unit factor from each parent, in a monohybrid cross, three combinations of unit factors are possible, in a monohybrid cross, three combinations of unit factors are possible,

3. Mendel’s Second Postulate Dominant/Recessive When two unlike unit factors are present in a single individual, one unit factor is dominant to the other, which is said to be recessive. When two unlike unit factors are present in a single individual, one unit factor is dominant to the other, which is said to be recessive.

4. Mendel’s Third Postulate Segregation During the processes of heredity, the paired unit factors separate so that the offspring receives one unit factor from each parent, During the processes of heredity, the paired unit factors separate so that the offspring receives one unit factor from each parent, The unit factors segregate to offspring randomly. The unit factors segregate to offspring randomly.

5. Mendel’s Forth Postulate Independent Assortment How do two traits segregate in the offspring of an individual that is heterozygous for both traits? How do two traits segregate in the offspring of an individual that is heterozygous for both traits?

6. Forked-Line Method Haplo/Diplo and complementation 1.Both recessive:aaDD x Ad  female: AaDd, male aD 2.Both Dominant:aaDD x Ad  female: AaDd, male aD 3.One dominant*:aadd x AD  female: AaDd, male ad or… AADD x ad  female: AaDd, male AD * need to define which is dominant! * need to define which is dominant!

7. Forked-Line Method Haplo/Diplo AaDd 1/2 A 1/2 a ½ D ½ d 1/2 D ½ d 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 AD 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 Ad 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 aD 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 ad

8. Forked-Line Method Haplo/Diplo AaDd x AD* (*male genotype could be ad, aD, Ad) 1/2 A 1/2 a ½ D ½ d 1/2 D ½ d 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 AD 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 Ad 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 aD 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 ad 1 AD = ¼ ADAD 1 AD = ¼ AdAD 1 AD = ¼ aDAD 1 AD = ¼ adAD

9. Lab Life Cycles

10. Wasp Development Timelines 18 o, 28 o C

11. C. elegans Nomenclature Tower of Babel