1. AKARI New Generation Network Architecture 2008. 11. 10. SeungHo Lee

2. Outline  Introduction to AKARI Project  Current Problems and Future Requirements  Design Principles  Basic Configuration of the New Architecture Optical packet switching and optical paths Identifier/locator split internetworking architecture  Testbed

3. Introduction to AKARI Project “a small light in the dark pointing to the future”  Objective to design the network of the future to implement a new generation network by 2015 to pursue an ideal solution from a clean slate to create an overarching design of what the entire future network should be

4. Introduction to AKARI Project  AKARI Project Schedule

5. Introduction to AKARI Project  Roles of the Network Architecture

6. Ref. Design from a Clean Slate  Initiatives for Recreating a New Architecture

7. Current Problems  Problems with the Internet Architecture

8. Future Requirements  Societal Considerations Peta-bps class backbone network, 10Gbps FTTH, e-Science 100 billion devices, machine to machine (M2M), 1 million broadcasting stations Principles of competition and user-orientation Essential services (medical care, transportation, emergency services), 99.99% reliability Safety, peace of mind (privacy, monetary and credit services, food supply traceability, disaster services) Affluent society, disabled persons, aged society, long-tail applications Monitoring of global environment and human society Integration of communication and broadcasting, Web 2.0 Economic incentives (business-cost models) Ecology and sustainable society Human potential, universal communication

9. Future Requirements  Design Requirements Large capacity Scalability Openness Robustness Safety Diversity Ubiquity Integration and simplification Network model Electric power conservation Extendibility

10. Design Principles

11. KISS principle  Crystal Synthesis the design must incorporate "crystal synthesis,“ a kind of simplification of technologies to reduce complexity even when integrating functions.  Common Layer One of the reasons for the success of the Internet is that the IP layer is a common layer. The design of the new generation network architecture will have a common layer will eliminate redundant functions in other layers to degenerate functions in multiple layers.  End-to-End A network should not be constructed based on a specific application or with the support of a specific application as its objective.

12. Reality Connection Principle  Separation of physical and logical addressing physical and logical addressing should be separated. resource discovery mechanisms in P2P, the coexistence of various routing in ad-hoc networks, and data-centric concepts in sensor networks suggest the future importance of addressing.  Bi-directional authentication authentication information must be located so that the particular individual or entity controls the information.  Traceability Individuals or entities must be traceable to reduce attacks on the network. Anonymity should also be provided at the same time as a means of protection.

13. Sustainable and Evolutionary Principle  Self-* properties It is important for all entities within the network to operate in an adaptive, self-distributed, and self-organizing manner. the hierarchical structure must become a more flexible structure. In other words, a self-emergent network must be designed.  Scalable, distributed controls To sufficiently scale controls even in large-scale or topologically varying networks, it is important to introduce self-organizing controls or pursue autonomous actions at each node.  Robust large-scale network The new generation network architecture must be designed to handle simultaneous or serious failures that may occur.

14. Sustainable and Evolutionary Principle (cont’)  Controls for a topologically fluctuating network It is important to develop a flexible network for which topology changes are also taken into consideration.  Controls based on real-time traffic measurement Because current Internet routing control determines routes by using fixed costs to find the lowest cost, it is difficult to deal with any network congestion that occurs suddenly. Real-time traffic-based network control is important.  Openness Future topics of interest include network modeling so that requests from users can be conveyed to the network as well as control plane or protocol design. Network monitoring for ensuring safety is also important as the network becomes more open.

15. Basic Configuration of the New Architecture  Components of the new generation network architecture Optical packet switching and optical paths Optical access Wireless access PDMA Transport layer control Identifier/locator split internetworking architecture Layering Security QoS routing Network model Robustness control Layer degeneracy IP simplification Overlay network and Network virtualization

16. Optical packet switching and optical paths  Optical Packet Switching  Lightpath Network

17. Optical packet switching and optical paths  Integration of Optical Packets and Optical Paths Both physical resources and control mechanisms must be common. Infrastructure resources can be assigned more flexibly according to service usage conditions.

18. Identifier/locator split internetworking  Conventional IP address Functions –node identifier in the application and transport layers –location identifier in the network layer Problems –mobility and multihoming management –network renumbering –security and privacy –scalable routing –traffic engineering

19. Identifier/locator split internetworking  Layered identifier and locator architecture

20. Identifier/locator split internetworking  Protocol stack in identifier/locator split architecture

21. Identifier/locator split internetworking  Communication Procedure

22. Testbed  Requirements Use the results of research and development Guarantee flexibility Provide a diverse communications environment Provide the latest existing technologies Provide a secure research environment Enable the usefulness or effectiveness of new ideas to be proven Enable proof of operability with actual services Enable a common architecture to be assembled and shared ⇒ Design using network virtualization technology

23. References  Document New Generation Network Architecture AKARI Conceptual Design (ver1.1) – Oct. 2008  PPT AKARI Architecture Design Project in Japan – Tutorials, AsiaFI Aug. 2008  http://akari-project.nict.go.jp