1. Stem Cells in Extraembryonic Lineages and Human Development Stem Cells Derived from Amniotic Fluid and Placenta (Carlson Ch. 17) Stem Cells in Early Development (Lanza 13)

2. Early Implantation

3. Stem Cells in Early Development

4. Early Human Development

6. Initiating Gastrulation in the Mouse

7. Differentiation to Germ Layers in Vivo

8. Extraembryonic Nodal Required for Anterior and Posterior mesoderm formation Houng et al 2011 Development

9. Nodal Pathway in Early Development

10. Early in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cell cultures

11. Embryos without maternal ndr1 have normal mesoderm markers and head/neck development

12. Zebrafish Embryos Lacking Maternal and Yolk Sace Ndr2 show defective

13. Primordial Germ Cells Are Responsible for Sperm and Egg in Adult Tissues

14. Umbilical Cord Blood is a potent source of multipotent stem cells Multipotent cells can be isolated Immediately and cultured 11 x 10^6 cells/gram 40g/tissue Extensive in vitro renewal (55psg) Multipotent markers expressed No differentiation data? 2009 Schugar et al

15. Amniocentesis A routine Genetic Screening procedure

16. Developmental Fates of Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells Diecke and Wu Molecular Therapy 2012

17. Stem Cells from Amniotic Fluid used to treat myocardial damage Yeh et al Biomaterials 2010

18. Sheet shows more hAFSCs in heart tissue 4 weeks post injection