1. DO NOW: Explain in your own words the changes that occur to chromosome number during fertilization

2. The process of the fusion/uniting of the egg cell and the sperm cell

3. During fertilization …… the chromosome number is restored by a process called recombination 23 46

5. Recombination is the additional mixing of genetic material from the sperm and the egg creating a UNIQUE combination of genes

6. At this point the zygote has all needed chromosomes to be a human

7. Blastula Cleavage

9. Zygote Blastula Gastrula A hollow ball of cells A three layered cluster of cells

13. Differentiation a.k.a. specialization The process that transforms developing cells into specialized cells with different structures and functions Before differentiation occurs, the cells are stem cells

14. an event in which the embryo adheres to the wall of uterus. In order for the fetus to receive the oxygen and the nutrients from the mother to be able to grow.

15. Fetal Life Support: Includes:  Placenta  Amniotic sac  Umbilical cord *Morphing embryo

20. Placenta: A flat organ that attaches to the inside of the uterus and connected to the fetus by the umbilical cord. Functions: Transfer gasses Transport nutrients Excretion of wastes Formation of a barrier * The blood of the mother and the fetus do not mix

21. Human Fetus at 10 weeks

22. The Amniotic Sac The fetus is in a fluid filled sac that helps protect it. When a woman’s “water breaks,” it means that this sac has ruptured

23. The umbilical cord (also called birth cord) is a tube that connects a developing embryo or fetus to the placenta.

26. Aim: How does a mother’s choices affect her offspring? Prenatal development is greatly affected by anything circulating in the maternal blood

27. The Mother’s Choices Can Affect the FeWhat are some things that can affect the fetus? s Drugs Alcohol Tobacco Poor diet Toxic substances Infections (German measles, AIDS)

29. The Mother’s Choices Can Affect the Fetus The embryo is most susceptible to harm during the first trimester Alcohol abuse causes changes in the fetus called fetal alcohol syndrome About 5% of newborns in the United States have a clinically significant birth defect, accounting for about 15% of deaths of newborns

30. Reproductive Technology: Amniocentesis :

31. *Reproductive Technology: Hormone Regulation: to help women get pregnant In-vitro fertilization: Eggs are extracted from a woman’s ovaries and fertilize them with sperm in the laboratory. The fertilized eggs are then implanted in the uterus.

32. http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/

33. The Birth ProcessBirth

39. Labor and Delivery NOVA Online | Life's Greatest Miracle | Watch the ProgramNOVA Online | Life's Greatest Miracle | Watch the Program