1. Classification Chapter 18

2. Why Classify ? To study diversity of life in organized manner. ________________-science where organisms are classified in a universal manner Taxonomy

4. A. Scientific Names Early efforts described physical characteristics in detail 1)Binomial Nomenclature-developed by Carolus Linnaeus –2 part scientific name –1 st word is genus and 2 nd ________________- –Italicize or underline both words –1st letter of 1st word is capitalized –Names often Latin species

6. B. Linnaeus’s System ________________________-has levels _______________________--name for each level Kingdom- _____________________________________ Heirarchical system taxon Largest and most inclusive of categories

7. B.cont’d ____________________-many different organisms that share important characteristics _______________-composed of similar orders _______________-broad group of similar families _______________-genera sharing characteristics-like the Uridae family for bears Genus-closely related species Species-successfully interbreeding Phylum class order family

8. Family Tree of Major Taxa Kingdom Phyla Class Order Family Genus Species

10. II. Modern Evolutionary Classification __________________-evolutionary relationships between organisms Genus should share common ancestor Derived characteristics can be used to form a ________________-showing evolutionary relationships ______________-characteristics that appear in recent lineage more but not in older members similarities in DNA and RNA can give more conclusive classification Phylogeny cladogram Derived characters

11. Phylogeny

12. Tips of branches stand for Tips of branches stand for most recent evolutionary representatives and branches stand for common ancestors-new branch means a new species

13. Cladogram

14. III. Kingdoms and Domains A.The Three-Domain System –Grouped by molecular analysis –More inclusive category

15. 1) _________-protists,fungi,plants and animals –Protists-great variety Most single-celled,but there are multicellular algae –Fungi-decomposing heterotrophs –Plantae-multicellular,photosynthetic autotrophs –Animalia-muticellular and heterotrophic 2) BACTERIA-eubacteria-unicellular and prokaryotic;thick cell walls;free-living or parasitic;diverse 3)_____________unicellular and prokaryotic;live in extreme conditions like hot springs or volcanic vents;can live w/o oxygen;not as thick cell walls EUKARYA ARCHAEBACTERIA-

16. Kingdoms- Eubacteria and archaebacteria Protista,Fungi,Plantae,Animalia

17. Classification method A dichotomous key is a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world, such as trees, wildflowers, mammals, reptiles, rocks, and fish. Keys consist of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name of a given item. "Dichotomous" means "divided into two parts". Therefore, dichotomous keys always give two choices in each step.

18. Dichotomous key