1. The main terrestrial ecosystems Modified from C.Hill 10/26/2009

3. Tundra Permafrost, continuously frozen ground Large mammals with good insulation that include: musk oxen and caribou Smaller animals include: lemmings, arctic fox, and snowy owl.

4. Tundra Northernmost limits of plant growth High altitudes Little precipitation Extremely cold winter air temperature Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, and Russia

5. Taiga: Coniferous Forests Cone-bearers Spruce, Pine, Fir, and Hemlock Harsh winters, short summers Thin, acidic soil

6. Taiga: Coniferous Forests Taiga, the most extensive, stretchs across North America and Eurasia reaching the southern border of the artic tundra.

7. Deciduous Forests Sufficient moisture Large trees Oak, Hickory, Beech, and Maple Experience each season

8. Deciduous Forests Dominates most of the eastern United States Soil rich in inorganic and organic nutrients Support speices such as: arthropods, birds, small mammals, bobcats, foxes, black bears, and mountain lions

9. Mediterranean forest Dense, spiny shrubs Tough evergreen leaves Mild, rainy winters Long, hot, dry summers

10. Mediterranean forest Require occasional fires for long-term maintenance Plants regenerate quickly Animal browsers such as: deer, fruit- eating birds, seed-eating rodents, lizards, and snakes

11. Deserts Sparse rainfall Rapid evaporation No perennial vegetation Scattered shrubs and cacti

12. Deserts Desert plants and animals adapt to drought and extreme temperatures Only active during cooler nights Conserve water and seed-eaters such as: ants, birds, rodents, lizards, snakes and hawks

13. Savanna Dominated by grasses and scattered trees Frequent fires Rapid growing grass, good food source

14. Savanna tropics in central South America central and South Africa; home to giraffes, zebras, antelopes, baboons, lions, and cheetahs.

15. Tropical Rain Forest Rain is abundant Poor soil Large trees Closed canopy

16. Tropical Rain Forest Found in very humid equatorial areas such as: o Indonesia o Amazon River basin

17. Say the names of the following ecosystems

29. BIOMETEMPE- RATURE RAIN- FALL VEGE- TATION TUNDRA TAIGA DECIDOUS FOREST MEDITERRANE AN FOREST DESERT SAVANNA RAIN FOREST

30. MARINE BIOMES NERITIC ZONE PELAGIC ZONE APHOTIC EUPHOTIC

31. MARINE BIOMES 1 2 3 Which beings live in each zone?

32. Plankton, nekton and benthos are the three groups into which aquatic living beings may be divided.

34. MARINE BIOMES 1 2 3 Animal or vegetal beings? Planktonic, benthic or nektonic beings?