1. Guidelines for Use of Highway Specifications for Airport Pavements
Bob Boyer, PhD, PE – Airport Pavement Consultant
Mark Buncher, PhD, PE – Director Engineering, Asphalt Institute
4/15/2010
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2. HW Specs For HMA Airport Pavement
PROJECT OVERVIEW
[AAPTP Project 06-05]
DELIVERABLE: Comprehensive Guide for Practicing Airport Designers
How to Modify SSHP Specs
For Acceptable SSAP Specs for HMA Projects
[<60,000# Aircraft Gross Weight]
FINAL REPORT – May, 2009
Available at
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3. HW Specs For HMA Airport Pavement
DEFINITIONS
“State Standard Highway Pavement (SSHP)” specifications – SSHP specifications is used throughout this document to identify the current State specifications for HMA highway pavements covering materials, mix design and selection, manufacture, transport, placement, compaction and acceptance of HMA pavement as well as the contractor’s quality control plan and requirements.
“State Standard Specifications Manual (SSSM)” - SSSM is used throughout this document to identify the current edition of the State Standard Specifications of Highway Construction, State Standard Specifications for Transportation Systems, State Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Construction, or any other title used for a SSSM.
“State Standard Airport Pavement (SSAP)” specifications – SSAP specifications is used throughout this document to identify a State specifications for HMA airport pavements developed in accordance with the guidance provided by AC 150/ A and submitted for FAA approval. The SSAP must comply with critical requirements for airport pavements and instructions on how to reference, or insert, portions of SSHP specifications.
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4. HW Specs For HMA Airport Pavement
Using SSHP Specifications VS
FAA Item P-401 or P-401 (SP) Specifications
CONSIDERATIONS: GA PAVEMENT <60,000#
Low Traffic Volume
Distress Types: Almost Exclusively Environmental
Foreign Object Damage (FOD)
BENEFITS
High Quality Construction [Familiarity]
More Economical Pavement [vs P-401]
Long Term Performance [Updated Technology]
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5. HW Specs For HMA Airport Pavement
BACKGROUND
REVIEW SPECIFICATIONS
SSHP Specifications
FAA AC 150/5370-6D [P-401, P-401(SP), P-403]
FAA AC 150/ A Dev State Standards Non Primary
CONDUCT INTERVIEWS
FAA Region Engineers
State Aviation Offices
PUBLIC LAW [TITLE 49 U.S. CODE 47114(d)(5)] [TITLE 49 U.S. CODE 47105(C)]
[……...FAA ORDERS (5300.1F)]
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6. HW Specs For HMA Airport Pavement
CONCERNS
LIABILITY
10-Year Federal Funding Moratorium
MODIFICATION TO STANDARD
- No Motivation to Deviate from P-401
PERFORMANCE
Meet FAA P-401 or P-401 (SP) Proven Quality
-Requirements
Owner QA
Joint Density
Grade/Smoothness
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7. HW Specs For HMA Airport Pavement
APPROACH
Draft FAA Engineering Brief (EB)
Interim Guidance to Develop SSAP Specs
Optimize Use of SSHP Specs [Provisions]
Comply with All SSSM Sections, as Applicable
FOR
Aircraft Gross Weight , <60,000#
AND
Address Critical Elements for Airfield Pavements
Employ Marshall and/or Superpave Mixtures
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8. Draft EB-XX – “The Guideline”
SSAP CHECKLIST FORMAT [for EB]
Description & Traffic
Materials
Composition
Construction
Acceptance
Quality Control
Measurement
Payment
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Follows Format of Most State Specifications

9. Draft EB-XX – “The Guideline”
Description & Traffic
Description
Definition, Explanations, Etc.
Terminology – Examples
Department/Airport Manager
Engineer/Airport Owner, or OAR
Roadway/Airport Pavement
Traffic - Table 1.docx
Traffic Level
Million ESALs
Aircraft Gross Weight, (#) A
<0.3
<12,500 B
0.3 to <3.0
12,500 to <60,000
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10. Draft EB-XX – “The Guideline”
Materials
General Requirements
Aggregates
SSHP/SSSM, as applicable
Asphalt Binder
AASHTO M-320 [Performance Grade]
Any additional SSHP, or SSSM Requirements
Normally State DOT Standard Grade
Grade Bump for Traffic Level B
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11. Draft EB-XX – “The Guideline”
Mix Composition
If State Spec Uses Marshall
50 Blows for Traffic Level A or B
Gradation: use P-401 or P-403 [Bands]
If State Spec Uses Superpave
50 gyrations (Traffic Lev A) or 65 gyrations (Traffic Lev B)
Gradation: AASHTO M-323 [Control Points]
Mix Selection
Base/Intermediate Course: 37mm, 25mm or 19mm
Leveling Course: 12.5mm or 9.5mm
Surface Course: Fine-graded only 19mm or 12.5mm
RAP Limits (per AAPTP 05-06)
15-30% depending on whether surface or base mix, and on recovered PG grade of RAP binder
JMF Submittal Requirements
SSHP Specs sufficient
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12. Draft EB-XX – “The Guideline”
Construction
Plants and equipment
Rely on SSHP spec
Mandatory test section requirements
On initial production lot of SSHP
Grooving criteria (if shown on plans)
¼” wide x ¼” deep at 1.5” c-c spacing
Amend SSHP
High quality longitudinal joints a must!
Amend SSHP for joint density
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13. Draft EB-XX – “The Guideline”
Material Acceptance
All Acceptance and Sampling and Testing Must Be Accomplished By the Owner, Separate From the Contractor’s QC
Plant Produced Material (PPM)
PPM – Pass #8 Sieve [Optional]
PPM – Pass #200 Sieve [Optional]
PPM - Air Voids [Mandatory]
Field Placed Material (FPM)
FPM – Mat Density [Mandatory]
FPM - Joint Density [Mandatory]
FPM – Thickness [Optional]
FPM – Grade [Mandatory]
FPM – Smoothness [Mandatory]
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14. Draft EB-XX – “The Guideline”
Contractor Quality Control
QC Program
Laboratory Facility [ASTM D3666]
Quality Control Testing
AC%, Gradations, Moisture Contents, Etc.
Control Charts
IAW SSHP Specs & SSSM
7. Measurement. The HMA placed shall be measured by the number of tons mixture used in the accepted work, or other unit(s) of measurement specified by the SSHP specifications, or as specified in other sections referenced in the SSSM.
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15. Draft EB-XX – “The Guideline”
Measurement
Measured by # of Tons HMA
Measured on Accepted Work
Or IAW Other Measurement Specified by SSHP, or Other Sections Referenced in SSSM
7. Measurement. The HMA placed shall be measured by the number of tons mixture used in the accepted work, or other unit(s) of measurement specified by the SSHP specifications, or as specified in other sections referenced in the SSSM.
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16. Draft EB-XX – “The Guideline”
Payment
Payment – IAW Unit Price X Measurement Unit & IAW Mandatory Items
Total Project Payment
Not to Exceed 100% of Total
May be used as Offset Lot to Lot
PWL: Not Mandatory Requirement
8. Payment.
A. Payment. Payment for an accepted lot of HMA pavement shall be made at the contract unit price per ton, or in accordance with requirements contained in SSHP specifications, or as specified in other sections referenced in the SSSM.
B. Basis for Adjusted Pay Factor. The pay factor for each individual lot shall be calculated in accordance with the procedures outlined in the SSHP specifications, or as specified in other sections referenced in the SSSM.
C. Total Project Payment. The total project payment for HMA pavement shall not exceed 100 percent of the product of the contract unit price and the total number of tons of HMA mixture used in the accepted work. Payment in excess of 100 percent for accepted lots of HMA pavement shall be used to offset payment for accepted lots of HMA pavement that achieve a lot pay factor less than 100 percent. The calculation of excess and offset shall be applied as equivalent amounts. In the event a lot is identified for removal and replacement in accordance with criteria specified in the SSHP specifications, or as specified in other sections referenced in the SSSM, the Engineer may decide to allow the rejected lot to remain. In that case, if the Engineer and the Contractor agree in writing that the lot shall not be removed, it shall be paid for at 50 percent of the contract unit price AND THE TOTAL PROJECT PAYMENT LIMITATION SHALL BE REDUCED BY THE AMOUNT WITHHELD FOR THE REJECTED LOT.
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17. Draft EB-XX – “The Guideline”
SSAP CHECKLIST FORMAT [for EB]
[SUMMARY]
Description & Traffic
Materials
Composition
Construction
Acceptance
Quality Control
Measurement
Payment
VI. Basis for Format Checklist Items for SSAP Specification.
Throughout the United States, the individual States’ specifications covering HMA pavement generally have different titles, identification numbers, and a range of criteria, requirements and criteria, and State-specific test methods which are based on local experience for material characteristics, environmental conditions, political considerations, etc. The overall general format and requirements for SSAP specifications can be grouped under the following topical areas:
Description: definitions, explanations, etc.
Materials: normally covers coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, asphalt binder, reclaimed asphalt material, etc.
Composition: includes information about the mix design and job mix formula. This is under MATERIALS in some SSHP specifications.
Construction: includes information on plant, equipment, placement and compaction procedures, etc.
Quality Control: information for contractor’s quality control program
Acceptance: establishes the criteria and measure for material acceptance based on established sampling and testing requirements
Measurement: identifies unit (units) for accountability.
Payment: identifies item (items) per unit for payment calculation.
These topical areas form the outline for the next section, which represents a checklist of specification requirements that should be met when developing SSAP specifications, or amending SSHP specifications, for airport pavement applications [AGW <60,000#].
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Follows Format of Most State Specifications 17

18. Draft EB Refined and Validated
10 Different State Test Cases
AI Regional Engineers developed SSAP specs by applying the Draft EB to their respective SSHP spec
Draft EB improved & validated thru this process
SSAPs were developed for:
FL, MN, PA, TX, VA, CA, MT, OH, WA, MO
In Appendices of Final Report
Not official SSAPs, but examples
Final Report Documents Project [
58 pages total
Last 17 pgs is the Final Draft FAA Engineering Brief
Appendices are several hundred pages
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19. AI Regional Engineer Offices & Guideline Validation
Alaska
Dave Johnson
Sandy Brown
Mark Blow
Carlos Rosenberger
Wayne Jones
Bob Horan
Mark Buncher, AI HQ
Bob Humer
Hawaii
Danny Gierhart
Bob Boyer, AI Ret
4/15/2010

20. AAPTP Project 06-05, Guidelines for Use of Highway Specifications for Airport Pavements
Draft EB-XX
“The Guideline”
For <60,000# AGW
Closure
Questions????
Bob Boyer, PhD, PE – Airport Pavement Consultant
Mark Buncher, PhD, PE – Director Engineering, Asphalt Institute
1/10/2010
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