1. Bronchogenic Carcinoma

2. most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide most common cause of cancer death in both men and women Lung cancer kills more people than colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers combined.

3. Risk Factors Environmental exposure – Smoking (in more than 90% of patients) – Occupational exposure to carcinogens: (Asbestos, Radon, Halogen ether, arsenic, Radioisotope exposure, ionizing radiation) – Atmospheric pollution Nonmalignant lung diseases – COPD – Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis – TB Individual's susceptibility

4. Types Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) : 80% – Adenocarcinoma (40%) – squamous cell carcinoma (25%) – large cell carcinoma (10-20%) Small cell lung cancer(SCLC) : (25%)

5. Adenocarcinoma X-ray small (often < 4 cm) peripheral round or oval Solitary nodule smoothly marginated, occasionally, w/ irregular margins corona radiata : distort surrounding vessels pleuroparenchymal tail : retraction of the adjacent pleura lymphadenopathy of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes

7. Squamous Cell Carcinoma X-ray Size: 1 to 10 cm central bronchi – may result in postobstructive pneumonia and/or atelectasis, bronchiectasis, and hyperinflation Cavitations Extension into the chest wall or mediastinum w/bone destruction – superior vena cava syndrome – phrenic or recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis – Pancoast or superior sulcus tumors  Asymmetry of > 8 mm in apical pleural thickening

8. Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cavity walls are usually thick and irregular, ranging in size from 0.5 to 3 cm.

9. Central cancer of the lung

10. Squamous Cell Carcinoma Left atelectasis

11. Large Cell Carcinoma X-ray large (average size > 7 cm) Peripheral poorly defined margins Hilar and mediastinal adenopathy

12. Small Cell Lung Carcinoma X-ray small or may not be visible centrally located Hilar enlargement mediastinal extension extrathoracic metastases tracheobronchial compression  atelectasis??? pleural effusions (5 to 50% of cases)

13. Non-small cell lung Carcinoma