1. WRITE EVERYTHING IN YELLOW!

2. The Focus and Epicenter of an Earthquake The point within Earth where rock under stress breaks and triggers and earthquake is called the focus The point directly above the focus on the surface is the epicenter

3. A vibration that travels through Earth carrying energy released during an EQ. Three types of seismic waves: Body waves P wave S wave Surface waves

4. Body waves P or primary waves fastest waves travel through solids, liquids, or gases compression wave, material movement is in the same direction as wave movement S or secondary waves slower than P waves travel through solids only transverse waves - move material perpendicular to wave movement

5. Surface Waves Travel just below or along the ground’s surface Slower than body waves; rolling and side-to-side movement Especially damaging to buildings

6. What is the difference between surface waves and body waves?

7. Surface waves move along the surface and cause the most damage. Body waves run underground and cause little damage.

8. What is the difference between surface waves and body waves? Surface waves move along the surface and cause the most damage. Body waves run underground and cause little damage. What’s the differences between P waves and S waves?

9. What is the difference between surface waves and body waves? Surface waves move along the surface and cause the most damage. Body waves run underground and cause little damage. What’s the differences between P waves and S waves? P-waves are the fastest moving waves and are a compressional wave. S-waves are slower and a tranverse wave. S-waves only travel through solids.

10. Seismographs record earthquake events

11. Seismic wave behavior P waves arrive first, then S waves, then surface waves Average speeds for all these waves is known After an earthquake, the difference in arrival times at a seismograph station can be used to calculate the distance from the seismograph to the epicenter.

12. Damage in Oakland, CA, 1989 Building collapse Fire Tsunami Ground failure

13. most often caused by an underwater earthquake earthquake must register at least 6.5 magnitude once the wave hits land, the wave slows and the trough grows tall.

14. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipe dia/commons/4/47/2004_Indonesia _Tsunami_Complete.gif

15. 80% of all earthquakes occur in the Ring of Fire most of these result from convergent boundary activity ~15% occur in the Mediterranean-Asia belt remaining 5% occur in the interiors of plates and on spreading ridge centers more than 150,000 quakes strong enough to be felt are recorded each year

17. Mercalli Scale: rates Eqs from I-XII (roman numerals). Based on how the earthquake affected people and buildings Richter/Moment Magnitude: rates from 1-10. Reported by seismograph machines around the world. 4.5 and below cause little damage