1. Refining By: Natalie Zoglman

2. What is refining? It is the purification of a substance or form.

3. What are some things that can be refined? Copper Iron Lead Precious metals (ores, alloys, etc) oil Etc.

4. Processes - cupellation - Pattinson process - fire refining - electrolytic refining - Bessemer process - etc.

5. Cupellation Metallurgical process Example: Extract silver from lead Cupellation furnaces after Agricola, 1556/1950

6. Pattinson Process Patented in 1833 8-9 iron pots Example: extract sliver from lead

7. Fire Refining Fire melting Example: 99.25% pure Copper

8. Electrolytic Refining Electrolysis Example: Creates 99.999% of pure copper

9. Bessemer Process Bessemer converter

10. Oil Refinery Crude oil Petroleum

11. References Information: "Cupellation." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 17 Jan. 2011.. "Refining (metallurgy)." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 17 Jan. 2011.. "Refining." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 17 Jan. 2011.. http://www.roughneckchronicles.com/Refining/electrolyticrefining.html Pictures: "Copper." Rocks For Kids. Web. 17 Jan. 2011.. "Base Metals Trading Tips and Market Outlook: Nirmal Bang | Stock Watch." Stock Watch | Stock Specific News. Web. 17 Jan. 2011.. http://ozedecals.com/store/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=10&products_id=11 2 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=fire+smelting&view=detail&id=60551390A0AA098D 8DA5F99F9F51411D74285061&first=1&FORM=IDFRIR&adlt=strict