1. Fossil Fuels The Alberta Tar Sands

2. Learning Goals: Today I will learn about fossil fuels and the Alberta Tar SandsAgenda: Introduction Lesson to Fossil Fuels USSR

3. Fossil Fuels: Fossil FuelsFossil Fuels are natural substances made from the remains of ancient plants and animals Over time heat and pressure turned decomposing remains into fuels, which release energy Examples:  Coal  Oil  Natural Gas What kind of resource are fossil fuels?

4. Problems with Fossil Fuels: People are using fossil fuels 100,000 faster than they are being replenished When people burn fossil fuels it releases energy and greenhouse gases like CO 2, which cause pollution The burning of fossil fuels is the biggest cause of climate change!

5. Coal Coal is a combustible black or brownish- black sedimentary rock composed mostly of carbon and hydrocarbons Started out as fern and tree like plants over 400 million years ago The first fossil fuel to be used Can last up to 200 more years !

6. What type of Resource is Coal? Oil? Natural Gas? Why?

7. Oil Started out as tiny plants and animals called Plankton 500 million years ago First drilled in 1859 Crude oil is refined into gasoline, kerosene, tar etc Provides 40% of world’s energy Little or none will be left in the next 100 years

8. Natural Gas Started out as Plankton Natural gas is made up of four gases mixed together Methane is the one that’s removed and a smell is added to it Provides 23% of world’s energy

9. Tar Sands Alberta has Tar Sands (also called Oil Sands) Tar SandsTar Sands are murky areas of sand mixed with oil Tar sands in Alberta are larger than Florida 174 billion barrels of oil

10. Tar Sand Oil

11. Alberta Ingenuity, Imperial Oil & CMASTE The Oil Sands Process 1.the overburden is stripped from the mineable oil sand (<75 m) 2.the oil sand is mined with large shovels and trucks 3.the oil sand is crushed and mixed with hot water and a base (to increase pH) before being hydro-transported in a pipe to the extraction plant (This starts the extraction of bitumen.) 4.the oil sand and water mixture is transferred to a large separatory funnel/tank—bitumen froth, water, and sand are separated 5.air is added to help float the bitumen froth to the top of the mixture and to be skimmed off by a large rotating paddle 6.the bitumen is upgraded to synthetic crude oil by cracking- -large aromatic molecules into smaller aromatic and aliphatic ones 7.the sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen atoms and double bonds are eliminated from the sour synthetic crude by hydro-treating separate fractions of the cracked bitumen with hydrogen 8.the synthetic crude is shipped to a refinery to be refined into gasoline and other petroleum fractions

12. Mining - truck and shovel

13. Crushing, mixing & hydro-transport

14. Frothing—floating the bitumen

15. Problems with the Tar Sands: Foreign Investment rather than Canadian investment Very destructive of the environment Destroying the land of the Cree people in Alberta ▫Amnesty International has cited the Canadian and Albertan government for destroying the land of the Cree people

17. Today’s Class: USSR (Silent Reading) 318-320 Answer Questions 1-4 on Page 320 Be prepared to share your answers with the class