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Summaries June Preszler TIE April 21, 2005
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Summarizing When we summarize, we take larger selections of text and reduce them to their bare essentials. Bare essentials: the gist, the key, the main points worth remembering.
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What Students Usually Do Write down everything Write down next to nothing Write way too much Don’t write enough Copy word for word
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What You Want Them to Do Pull out main ideas Focus on key details Use key words and phrases Break down larger ideas Write only enough to convey the gist Take succinct but complete notes Strip away the extra verbiage and extraneous examples Focus on the heart of the matter
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Teaching Summaries Keep in mind—it’s not easy Hard to learn/hard to teach Model repeatedly Give students practice time
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Tips and Tricks--1 Provide students with a selection Ask students to take notes of important details When students have finished, direct them to turn over the paper and write what they remember…without looking back
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Tips and Tricks--2 Have students write successively shorter summaries, constantly refining and reducing Begin with half a page, then two paragraphs, then one paragraph, then two or three sentences, then a single sentence
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Sum It Up! Students imagine they are placing a classified ad or sending a telegram. Each word costs 10 cents, and then tell them they can spend "so much." For instance, if you say they have $2.00 to spend, then that means they have to write a summary that has no more than 20 words. Adjust the amount they have to spend, and therefore the length of the summary, according to the text they are summarizing. Pat Widdowson of Surry County Schools in North Carolina
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Getting the Gist of It! Students read articles. Students then identify 5Ws and H. Students complete a template. Finally, students use notes to write a 20-word summary. Once students have mastered writing a GIST using articles, the strategy is then applied to content area texts to support comprehension and summarizing skills.
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Gallery Walk/Museum Tour Use poster paper to create a visual that includes a graphic depicting your article. List/arrange the 5 W’s and an H Write your summary paragraph Identify one member of your group as the speaker. The speaker stays with the poster while other group members rotate around the room. When members return to their original position, they “teach” the moderator about the other posters.
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