1. Hajj – The Fifth Pillar Of Islam ” ولله على الناس حج البيت من استطاع اليه سبيلا ” ( آل عمران 97) “And pilgrimage to the House is a duty unto Allah for mankind, for him who can find a way thither”. 3:97

2. What is Hajj? Hajj, Pilgrimage is: the fifth pillar of Islam. Pilgrims go to the Holy Mosque in Makkah; if they can physically and financially afford; to perform particular rites at particular places in particular times.

3. Hajj has four pillars 1) Ihram The Rites of Hajj Ihram is the state of sacred purity the Muslim faithful must enter before conducting the hajj, the pilgrimage to Mecca. Ihram is achieved through ritual cleansing, shaving and manicure for men. Men symbolize their state of Ihram by wearing a white, two-piece, seamless garment--sheets or towels--that covers the upper and lower part of the body. Women's clothing doesn't have to follow a particular form as long as it is modest.

4. Hajj has four pillars 2. Staying in Arafah This is one of the basic rights of pilgrimage with ought which the Hajj becomes invalid and the pilgrims presence at Arafat should be during a specific period of time: from the noon of the 9 th of Dhul Hijja until the daybreak of the day of sacrifice, 10 th of Dhul Hijja. At Arafat, worshipers devote themselves to Allah asking forgiveness, displaying submission and performing prayer. The Rites of Hajj

5. Hajj has four pillars 3. Tawaf-ul Ifadha In his Hajj, the prophet (pbuh) returned on the 10 th of Dhul Hijja to Mina where he threw the pebbles and shaved, he then took off his Ihram and rode to Mecca to make Tawaf Ul-Ifadah. It is the main Tawaf in the Hajj rituals. The Rites of Hajj

6. Hajj has four pillars 4. Saye between Safaa and Marwa The Saye is performed by walking briskly seven rounds between the two hillocks of Safaa and Marwah, starting first from Safaa to Marwa, then back from Marwa to Safaa and so on. This is to remember the Saye made my Hajar between the two hills looking desperately for water to her thirsty baby Ismail. The Rites of Hajj ان الصفا والمروة من شعائر الله فمن حج البيت او اعتمر فلا جناح عليه ان يطوف بهما ومن البقرة 158)) تطوع خيرا فان الله شاكر عليم

7. البقرة 197)) “ الحج اشهر معلومات ” The pilgrimage is (in) the well- known months, البقرة 197)) “ الحج اشهر معلومات ” The pilgrimage is (in) the well- known months, The first meaning of Miquat refers to the time in which the pilgrim is allowed to enter the state of Ihram for Hajj. This is between the first of Shawwal to the 9 th of Dhul Hijja every year. When is Hajj: Al-Miquat (1) “ يسالونك عن الاهلة قل هي مواقيت للناس الحجّ ” ( البقرة 189) “

8. Stations of Ihraam The second meaning of Miquat refers to the stations every pilgrim cannot pass to Mecca with ought entering the state of Ihram. There are five stations as marked on the map. Al-Miquat (2)

9. 9  Tamattu’ ( التمتع )  Umra then Hajj during the months of Hajj  Pilgrim called Mutamatti’ ( متمتع )  Requires Hady (animal sacrifice) Kinds of Hajj Qiran ( القِران ) Combined Umra and Hajj during the months of Hajj Pilgrim called Qaarin ( قارن ) Requires Hady (animal sacrifice) The Prophet ( صلى الله عليه وسلم ) asked his companions to do Tamattu’, even though he did Qiran because he brought the Hady (animal for sacrifice) with him. Ifrad ( الإفراد ) Hajj only during the months of Hajj Pilgrim called Mufrid ( مفرد ) Does not require Hady Hajj Umra Hajj Umra Hajj

10. 1. Ihram for Hajj Sequence of Rites Hudaybiyah Arafah Tan'eem Ji'ranah Nakhla Adhah Libn Makkah A.If you are coming from outside (Africa, Europe, Madinah, etc.), assume Ihram at or before the Meeqat. If you are in Madinah, you make Ihram from the Meeqat of Dhul- Hulayfah (Abyar Ali). B.If you are within the Mawaqeet limits but outside the Haram of Makkah (like Jeddah), assume Ihram from your place. C.If you are inside the Haram of Makkah (in your residence in Makkah for example), assume Ihram from your place as well (unlike Ihram for Umra).

11. 8 th of Dhul Hijja Mina Go to Mina in the morning of Yaum at-Tarwiyah (8 th of Dhul- Hijjah). Pray Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, ‘Isha and Fajr in their times with qasr (shortening Dhur, Asr and Isha to 2 Rak’at). Spending this night in Mina is a Sunnah. For some scholars it's a Wajib. Use your time to gather your thoughts and prepare for the next day: the day of Arafah. Sequence of Rites (2)

12. Arafah - 9 Dhul-Hijjah Mountain of Arafah The Prophet ( صلى الله عليه وسلم ) said: "There is no day on which Allah frees more of His slaves from Fire than the Day of Arafah. He draws near, then praises them before the angles, saying: What do they seek?" Sequence of Rites (3)

13. Arafah - 9 Dhul-Hijjah Masjid Namirah Pray Dhuhur and Asr at Masjid Namirah, two Rak’at each, combined at the time of Dhuhur, after listening to the Imam’s sermon. It may be difficult to go to Masjid Namira because of the crowd. In which case you may pray in your camp with your group. This saves a lot of time. Namira is not part of Arafah, but part of the Masjid is within the limits of Arafah. Sequence of Rites (3) Arafah border Arafah Outside Arafah M a s j i d N a m i r a

14. A Day of Du’a The Day of Arafah Sequence of Rites (3) The Prophet ( صلى الله عليه وسلم ) said: “The best thing that I and the Prophets have said on the evening of Arafah is: ” لا إلهَ إلا اللهُ وَحدَهُ لا شَريكَ له، لهُ المُلكُ وَلهُ الحَمدُ وَ هُوَ عَلى كلّ شَيءٍ قدِير “ " Laa ilaha illallaahu wahdahu laa shareeka lahu lahul mulk wa lahul hamdu wa huwa 'alaa kulli shay'in qadeer.” There is no god except Allah, He has no partner. To Him belongs all sovereignty and praise, and He is over all things omnipotent.

15. Sequence of Rites (4) After Arafah pilgrims leave to Muzdalifah where they Pray Maghrib and Isha combined. They may collect pebbles here to stone the Jamaraat in Mina. They then sleep until Fajr. At the beginning of Fajr time pilgrims pray Fajr preferably at Al-Mash’ar Al-Haram. They move then ahead to Mina.

16. Mina 10 th Dhul Hijja You arrive to Mina the morning of the 10 th of Dhul- Hijjah. This is the busiest day of Hajj. You will be doing the following: 1.Stone Jamrat al-'Aqabah 2.Sacrifice an animal 3.Shave or trim off your hair 4.Go to Makkah to do Tawaf al-Ifadah & Sa'y and come back to Mina Sequence of Rites (5)

17. Tawaf -ul- Ifadha Ramy Jamratul Aqabah, Shaving or trimming, Slaughter an animal for Hady: When Pilgrims do any two of these rites they can get a first stage of tahallul (off Ihram) Then the go to Masjid Alharam and make Tawaf al-Ifadah in the same way as in the Tawaf of arrival, except that there is no Idtiba’ (uncovering right shoulder) or Ramal (bold walk) in this Tawaf. At the end of tawaf they pray two Rak'at behind Maqaam Ibraheem, if possible, or anywhere in the Masjid if not. After Tawaf ul-Ifadah pilgrims are in a state of complete TaHallul ( التحلل الأكبر ). All restrictions of Ihram are lifted. Sequence of Rites (6)

18. Sa’y between Safa & Marwah Then you do Sa’y between the Safa and Marwa as described before. Sa’y is a pillar of Hajj Sequence of Rites (7)

19. Sequence of Rites on the 10 th of Dhul-Hijjah Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Umar: I saw the Prophet near the Jamrah and the people were asking him questions. A man asked, "O Messenger of Allah! I have slaughtered the Hady (animal) before doing the Ramy." The Prophet replied, "Do the Ramy (now) and there is no harm." Another person asked, "O Messenger of Allah! I got my head shaved before slaughtering the animal." The Prophet replied, "Do the slaughtering (now) and there is no harm." So on that day, when the Prophet was asked about anything as regards the ceremonies of hajj performed before or after its due time his reply was, "Do it (now) and there is no harm." Narrated by al-Bukhari.

20. Ramyul Jamaraat Speding Nights in Mina Sequence of Rites (7) Pilgrims then spend 2 to 3 days in Mina making dhikr, prayers and du’a. Everyday they stone the three Jamaraat with 7 pebbles each.

21. Tawaf -ul- Wada ’ The Prophet ( صلى الله عليه وسلم ) said: "None of you should depart until he makes his last act Tawaf of the House." Farewell Tawaf (al-Wada’) is an obligatory act on everyone except menstruating women who are excused. The prophet ( صلى الله عليه وسلم ) used to carry Zamzam water with him in water skins and containers, and he used to pour it upon the sick and give it to them to drink. When you finish the Tawaf you leave the Masjid without delay. Sequence of Rites (8)

22. 22 Summary of Rites’ Sequence 22 Hajj Summary 1 - Ihram Assume Ihram from a Meeqat or your residence if you are in Makkah Clean yourself and take a shower Put on two Ihram garments & slippers/sandals Pray two Rak'at or a prescribed Salat Make intention and say "labbayk Allahumma Hajjaa" Recite Talbiyah Go to Mina Muzdalifah Mina Arafah 3 - Day of Arafah - 9 th Arrive in Arafah before or around Duhr on the 9 th Pray Duhr and Asr combined with Qasr early in the time of Duhr Spend the day in supplication and remembrence of Allah Leave Arafah for Muzdalifah after sunset 2 Meeqat 2 - Mina - 8 th Arrive in Mina in the morning Spend the day and night there Pray Duhr, Asr, Maghrib, Isha and Fajr in their time with Qasr Leave Mina for Arafah after sunrise (9 th ) 1 1 4 - Muzdalifah - 10 th Arrive in Muzdalifah at night Pray Maghrib and Isha combined with Qasr Sleep the night until Fajr Pray Fajr early in its time & then make Dhikr Leave Muzdalifah for Mina shortly before sunrise 3 5 - Mina - 10 th Arrive in Mina in the morning Go to Jamrat al-Aqabah and stone it with 7 pebbles Slaughter your animal Shave or trim off your hair First TaHallul: Take off Ihram towels. All restrictions lifted except sexual intercourse Take a shower and put on normal clothes Go to Makkah for Tawaf al-Ifadah 4 6 - Makkah - 10 th Proceed to al-Masjid al-Haram Perform Tawaf al-Ifadah Perform Sa'y Full taHallul: All restrictions lifted Go back to Mina 5 7 - Mina - 11 th, 12 th & 13 th Spend the days of Tashreeq and their nights in Mina Stone the 3 Jamarat every day between Duhr and Maghrib You may leave on the 12 th after stoning and before sunrise if you wish 6 8 - Makkah – Last Day Perform Tawaf al-Wada' (farewell Tawaf) Make it the last thing you do in Makkah 7

23. Community & Service Every year over 3.000 000 Muslims descending from different corners of the globe meet in Hajj. They all wear two pieces of clothe, repeat almost the same prayers and do the similar rites in a unique exercise of unity, equality and brotherhood. Pilgrims form a unique community when they meet in Makkah. When they are back home they inspire Muslims worldwide to join the same level of community cohesion Link to AOIs ” واذن في الناس بالحج ياتوك رجالا وعلى كل ضامر ياتين من كل فج عميق “ ( الحج 27)

24. Health & Social Education Coming from different parts of this world, pilgrims and the Muslim authorities worldwide are aware of the potential spread of deceases. Precautions are, therefore, taken to protect the pilgrims’ community. Immunization before travelling, hygiene services, providing medicines and medical services, ambulances, first aid etc are few examples of health services. Link to AOIs

25. Health & Social Education Millions of people arrive in a very short time to stay together at the same place in a very short time. They are very busy with performing their rites. They can only live peacefully if they’re well behaved. No pushing, no swearing, no harm to animals, trees and even to lost properties. Support one another, keep smiling, don’t ever feel desperate. What a high standard of H&SE! Link to AOIs ” الحج اشهر معلومات فمن فرض فيهن الحج فلا رفث ولا فسوق ولا جدال في الحج وما تفعلوا من خير يعلمه الله وتزودوا فان خير الزاد التقوى واتقون يا اولي الالباب “ ( البقرة 197)

26. Environment Cool down heat Temperature is usually very high, jet Of water is used to cool down weather. Cooling system is also used to absorb the heat from the big mosques floors. Cutting trees or killing animals purposefully and for any reason may invalidate the hajj. Muslims are always prevented of any kind of waist of water Link to AOIs

27. Human Ingenuity Modern Transportation The use of modern technology in transportation helped the huge increase of pilgrims number. The recent introduction of railways will smoothen the movement of pilgrims between the different rites in Hajj. Link to AOIs

28. Link to AOIs: Human Ingenuity Civil Engeneering and modern architecture has changed the face of Mekkah & Medinah in order to make Hajj a comfortable journey and increase the capacity of its facilities to accommodate the increasing number of pilgrims and visitors

29. Fire proof tents to accommodate the pilgrims safely in Mina The new developed structure in Mina aims at protecting pilgrims from deadly accidents Link to AOIs: Human Ingenuity

30. Bibliography Books: Abdalati, H, Islam in focus, (2002) Department of islamic affairs and ministry of awqaf state of Qatar, Doha. Middle school Islamic studies text book, learning Islam level 3, (2007) Islamic services foundation, USA. Qatar red crescent, haaj health guide, (not dated), Doha. Tabbarah A.A, The Spirit Of Islam, (2001) dar el-ilm lil malayin, Beyrout. Waris Maqsood R, examining religeons: Islam, (2007), Heinemann UK. Websites: whitelibyanafrican.blogspot.com/ 2007/03/to-co www.islamicbookstore.com.au/ categories.asp http://middleeast.about.com/od/glossary/g/me080220a.htm