1. Unit 2 Cornell-A Essential Question Why did Americans start becoming an urban population and what did those living in big cities experience when they moved there?

2. Unit 2 Cornell-A Interactive Notebook Q&A’s What do you see here ? Why do you think the builders are making this structure higher? 1.What technological advances were necessary, to make “skyscrapers” possible ? Pg. 277 Video 7: 18:00-23:50

3. New Steel Making: Bessemer Technology 2. Why was the Bessemer steel making technique/machinery better than previous machinery? Pg. 231

4. New York City 1900 What do you see in this picture ? Interactive Q&A’s: 3. What makes this city street “old fashioned ”? What makes it “modern” in 10 yrs?

5. Cornell-A: “Why did urbanization occur and what benefits come in living in a large city ?” I. Urbanization = the GROWTH of Big Cities or the gradual movement of most of the POPULATION to cities and away from RURAL areas (small TOWNS and FARMS) People were ATTRACTED to cities because of the many BENEFITS that came with living there. Ranking US Cities: 1900 RankCitypopulation 1 NYC 4,347,000 2 Chicago 1,700,000 3 Philadelphia 1,300,000 4 St. Louis 575,000 5 Boston 560,000 9 San Francisco 342,000

6. Again, this is NYC in 1900. Lower East Side of Manhattan. What do you see here? What do you think it was like to live here?

7. A. WHY did Urbanization happen ? 1. Immigration (more people from abroad) a. By 1910: ½ of urban populations are immigrants b. 1870-1920: 20 million Europeans immigrate to USA --Video 7: 8:58—12:10 c. 1850-1920: 200,000 Japanese & 200,000 Chinese immigrate d. 1910-1930: 7 million Mexicans immigrate

8. A. Why did Urbanization happen ? 2. Migration (more people – from RURAL areas into cities) a. 1890-1910: 200,000 African-Americans move from South to NORTHERN cities b. White farm workers replaced by MACHINES – so they look for work in cities

9. A. Why did Urbanization happen ? 3. ATTRACTIONS (more people want to live in cities) a. New JOBS are available = in factories, stores, offices, etc. b. Cheap housing ROW Houses = like MOTELS, in long rows each sharing walls with others

10. 3. Attractions b.CHEAP HOUSING Tenements = large apartment buildings, multiple STORIES in cities (Problem = some of these buildings are overcrowded, unsanitary, unsafe)

11. II. Other Attractions – Benefits of Urban Life By 1900  4 out of 10 Americans live in cities A.MASS TRANSPORT = Electric STREETCARS and railroad transport  SUBURBS and COMMUTING because this kind of transportation is CHEAP & CONVENIENT.

12. II. Other Attractions – Benefits of Urban Life B.FUN ! City leaders who PLAN their cities include business and… PARKS & RECREATION sectors See Section 292-296— answer in notes

13. B. FUN!! In the city people can find other ACTIVITIES which are not available in rural areas— Like…………..(see above in notes)

14. C. EDUCATION Industrialization requires workers who are LITERATE and have more JOB SKILLS. -- Big Businessmen want EDUCATED workers !

15. C. Education So, a high school education is necessary for ECONOMIC reasons – FREE, PUBLIC education helps America JUMP AHEAD of other industrial countries ! By 1900, 15.5 million students are attending school. (up to 14 years old)

16. See pg. 283