1. Early Settlement of Australia

2. Why choose Australia? Place to dump convicts or secure a supply base for the British Navy in Asia-Pacific? Place to dump convicts or secure a supply base for the British Navy in Asia-Pacific? The British government had the largest Navy and empire in the world, and were scared other European powers might challenge their claims

3. World Map – European Empire

4. Good excuse 1. Australia provided a safe harbour as well as wood and flax for fixing sails and ships 2. Transporting convicts to American colonies and then Australia provided England with cheap labour 3. Convicts could work for their freedom and help England consolidate their claim on the valuable Australia So Australia seemed a place to kill three birds with one stone… very handy! So Australia seemed a place to kill three birds with one stone… very handy!

5. The First Fleet The first fleet of ships arrived in Sydney in 1788, with 11 ships carrying 212 marines, officials and their families, 579 male convicts and 192 female convicts. They found Australian conditions hard, with the weather, the bush and soil not helping to establish a settlement

6. Sydney 1789

7. HMS Sirius

8. The official version of the British arrival in Australia

9. Governor = Leader of the colony Arthur Phillip was the first governor of NSW for 4 years. He was appointed to run a prison not a settlement. He had to: Arthur Phillip was the first governor of NSW for 4 years. He was appointed to run a prison not a settlement. He had to: Maintain law and order Maintain law and order Grant land for cultivation Grant land for cultivation Maintain good relations with the aborigines Maintain good relations with the aborigines Erect forts for protection Erect forts for protection Control Commerce and spending Control Commerce and spending Make all decisions for the colony Make all decisions for the colony Explore the coast for further settlement Explore the coast for further settlement

10. Early Problems of NSW Governor Phillip faced many problems Lack of women to control men Lack of women to control men Lack of skilled workers (builders and farmers) Lack of skilled workers (builders and farmers) Growing enough food to stop scurvy Growing enough food to stop scurvy Housing – had to be built from scratch Housing – had to be built from scratch Transport – took months to sail anywhere! Transport – took months to sail anywhere! Aborigines resented invasion of their land Aborigines resented invasion of their land

11. Questions to do NOW (or will have to be finished for homework) 1. Who appointed Phillip as Governor, and what were his responsibilities? 2. What was the main advantage of having one person in charge of the settlement? 3. What problems did Phillip face in the early months of settlement? Explain each problem in depth.