1. Metals
1. Occurrence
LO: I know how metals occur in nature.

2. Of the 90 naturally occurring elements, are metals. 70
Most metals are found in nature as
compounds
Unreactive metals don’t form compounds in nature:
e.g and
gold
silver
Gold and silver are found as elements in the soil.
They were the first metals to be discovered.
Most metals need to be from compounds before they are used.
extracted
LO: I know how metals occur in nature.

3. 2. Properties
LO: I know some properties and uses of metals.

4. is used in construction. Iron
Metals have many properties which makes them useful for a variety of jobs.
Strength:
is used in construction.
Iron
Buildings
Bridges
Malleability:
Metals can be and
rolled
shaped
Car body panels
LO: I know some properties and uses of metals.

5. Electrical Conductivity:
Metals conduct electricity when and
solid
liquid
Copper is used to make wires.
Heat Conductivity:
Metals are conductors of heat.
good
Many pots are made of aluminium.
Density:
Low density is used to make aircraft.
titanium
High density is used to make radiation shielding.
lead
LO: I know some properties and uses of metals.

6. Of the 90 naturally occurring elements, how many are metals?
Quiz
Of the 90 naturally occurring elements, how many are metals? 60 70 80

7. Which of the following metals is found as an element in nature?
Quiz
Which of the following metals is found as an element in nature?
gold
tin
lead

8. Quiz
The main reason for using aluminium to make electrical wires is because:
A it is a good conductor of heat.
B it is a good conductor of electricity.
C it is very strong.
D it has a very high density.

9. Quiz Lead is used to make boot soles for deep sea divers because:
A it is a good conductor of heat.
B it is a good conductor of electricity.
C it is very strong.
D it has a very high density.

10. Quiz
Which of the following is not a reason for using copper to make water pipes:
A it is a good conductor of heat.
B it is malleable.
C it is strong.
D it does not react with water.

11. 3. Alloys
LO: I know what is meant by an alloy.

12. Some alloys are a mixture of metals with . non-metals
An alloy is a of metals.
mixture
Some alloys are a mixture of metals with
non-metals
The properties of an alloy are to the properties of the metals in the mixture.
different
Alloy
Mixture
Use
brass
bronze
solder
steel
copper, zinc
hinges, door handles
copper, tin
statues
tin, lead
connection pipes and wires
iron, carbon
construction
The properties change as the of the mixture are changed.
proportions
LO: I know what is meant by an alloy.

13. Which word means a mixture of metals?
Quiz
Which word means a mixture of metals?
alloy
alley
allay

14. “Some alloys can contain
Quiz
“Some alloys can contain
non-metals”
True
False

15. Which of the following is an alloy?
Quiz
Which of the following is an alloy?
zinc
solder
cobalt

16. Which of the following is an alloy?
Quiz
Which of the following is an alloy?
bismuth
tungsten
nitinol

17. Every type of steel alloy contains which element?
Quiz
Every type of steel alloy contains which element?
Iron
Carbon
Chromium

18. Quiz
You change the melting point of the alloy, solder, when you change:
A the temperature you heat it to.
B the proportions of the metals.
C the lumps into powder form.
D the size of the flame.

19. 4. Metals and Water
LO: I know which metals react with water.

20. aluminium magnesium calcium sodium
Experiment
aluminium
magnesium
calcium
sodium
LO: I know which metals react with water.

21. Increasing reactivity
Order of reactivity:
sodium
calcium
Increasing reactivity
magnesium
aluminium
does not react with water at all.
Aluminium
LO: I know which metals react with water.

22. + + + + + + In general: Some metals react with water to produce a
metal and
hydroxide
hydrogen
metal hydroxide + +
metal
water
hydrogen
For example:
calcium hydroxide + +
calcium
water
hydrogen
lithium hydroxide + +
lithium
water
hydrogen
LO: I know which metals react with water.

23. 5. Testing for Hydrogen
LO: I know how to collect and test hydrogen gas.

24. calcium burning calcium pop!
Experiment
Hydrogen gas can be produced by reacting
with water.
calcium
A splint is placed at the mouth of the test tube.
burning
Hydrogen burns with a
calcium
pop!
LO: I know how to collect and test hydrogen gas.

25. “magnesium metal reacts quickly with cold water”
Quiz
“magnesium metal reacts quickly with cold water”
True
False

26. “sodium metal reacts violently with cold water”
Quiz
“sodium metal reacts violently with cold water”
True
False

27. “when metals react with water they produce oxygen gas”
Quiz
“when metals react with water they produce oxygen gas”
True
False

28. Which of the following metals does not react with water?
Quiz
Which of the following metals does not react with water?
aluminium
calcium
lithium

29. Which of the following metals is the most reactive with cold water?
Quiz
Which of the following metals is the most reactive with cold water?
sodium
calcium
lithium

30. Quiz When sodium reacts with water the products are:
A sodium oxide and hydrogen.
B sodium hydride and oxygen.
C sodium hydroxide and hydrogen.
D sodium hydride and oxygen.

31. Quiz The test for hydrogen is: A relights a glowing splint.
B burns with a pop.
C turns lime water cloudy.
D puts out a burning splint.

32. 6. Metals and Acid
LO: I know which metals react with acid.

33. copper iron zinc magnesium
Experiment
copper
iron
zinc
magnesium
LO: I know which metals react with acid.

34. Increasing reactivity
Order of reactivity:
magnesium
zinc
Increasing reactivity
iron
copper
does not react with acid at all.
Copper
LO: I know which metals react with acid.

35. + + + + + + In general: Some metals react with acid to produce a metal
and
salt
hydrogen
metal salt + +
metal
acid
hydrogen
For example:
iron chloride + +
hydrochloric acid
iron
hydrogen
zinc chloride + +
hydrochloric acid
zinc
hydrogen
LO: I know which metals react with acid.

36. “zinc metal reacts quickly with acid”
Quiz
“zinc metal reacts quickly with acid”
True
False

37. “magnesium metal reacts quickly with acid”
Quiz
“magnesium metal reacts quickly with acid”
True
False

38. “when metals react with acid they produce hydrogen gas”
Quiz
“when metals react with acid they produce hydrogen gas”
True
False

39. Which of the following metals does not react with acid?
Quiz
Which of the following metals does not react with acid?
copper
iron
zinc

40. Which of the following metals is the most reactive with acid?
Quiz
Which of the following metals is the most reactive with acid?
zinc
magnesium
aluminium

41. Quiz When nickel reacts with hydrochloric acid the products are:
A nickel chloride and hydrogen.
B nickel chloride and oxygen.
C nickel chlorate and hydrogen.
D nickel chlorate and hydrogen.

42. Quiz The test for hydrogen is: A relights a glowing splint.
B burns with a pop.
C turns lime water cloudy.
D puts out a burning splint.

43. 7. Making a Salt
LO: I know how a salt can be made from a metal and acid.

44. magnesium sulphate solution
Making a Salt
Aim:
To make a sample of the salt magnesium sulphate by reacting magnesium with sulphuric acid.
Diagram:
filter paper
filter funnel
magnesium sulphate solution
sulphuric acid
magnesium
heat
LO: I know how a salt can be made from a metal and acid.

45. 1. cm3 of sulphuric acid (1M) was added to a beaker. 25
Method:
cm3 of sulphuric acid (1M) was added to a beaker. 25
2. Pieces of magnesium were added to the acid until it stopped
fizzing
filtered
3. The mixture was .
water
4. The solution was heated to remove the
Result:
magnesium
sulphate
A white solid ( ) was produced.
Conclusion:
Magnesium sulphate salt can be made by reacting magnesium sulphate with sulphuric acid, the mixture and then the water.
filtering
evaporating
LO: I know how to make a salt from a metal and acid.

46. 8. Types of Salt
LO: I know how to name a salt from the reactants.

47. The name of a salt comes from a and the it was reacted with.
metal
acid
For example:
zinc sulphate
from metal
from acid
In general:
hydrochloric acid
metal chlorides
sulphuric acid
metal sulphates
nitric acid
metal nitrates
LO: I know how to name a salt from the reactants.

48. + + + + + + + + + + For example: calcium sulphate hydrogen calcium
sulphuric
acid +
nickel
nitrate +
hydrogen
nickel
nitric
acid +
lead
nitrate +
hydrogen
lead
nitric
acid +
tin
sulphate +
hydrogen
tin
sulphuric
acid +
iron
chloride +
hydrogen
iron
hydrochloric
acid +
LO: I know how to name a salt from the reactants.

49. 9. Collecting and Testing Oxygen
LO: I know how to collect and test a sample of oxygen.

50. To collect a sample of oxygen and perform the test for oxygen.
Aim:
To collect a sample of oxygen and perform the test for oxygen.
Diagram:
oxygen
Hydrogen peroxide +
Manganese dioxide
water
LO: I know how to collect and test a sample of oxygen.

51. 1. A boiling tube was filled with oxygen as shown in the . diagram
Method:
1. A boiling tube was filled with oxygen as shown in the
diagram
2. A splint was placed in the tube of oxygen.
glowing
Result:
relit
The glowing splint
Conclusion:
Oxygen can be collected under
A splint in oxygen.
This is the for oxygen.
water
glowing
relights
test
LO: I know how to collect and test a sample of oxygen.

52. 9. Metals and Oxygen
LO: I know which metals react with oxygen.

53. To find out how metals react with oxygen.
Aim:
To find out how metals react with oxygen.
Diagram:
ceramic wool
metal
potassium
permanganate
heat
heat
LO: I know which metals react with oxygen.

54. Metal Observation Results: Magnesium Zinc Copper
Very bright white glow
Bright white glow
Dull orange glow
Conclusion:
Increasing reactivity
magnesium
zinc
copper
LO: I know which metals react with oxygen.

55. + + + In general: Some metals react with oxygen to produce a metal .
oxide
metal oxide +
metal
oxygen
For example:
zinc oxide +
zinc
oxygen
iron oxide +
iron
oxygen
Metals reacting with oxygen is known as
oxidation
LO: I know which metals react with oxygen.

56. 10. Reactivity of Metals
LO: I know how metals differ in reactivity.

57. The reactivity of metals can be shown in a list called the reactivity series.
potassium
sodium
lithium
calcium
magnesium
aluminium
zinc
iron
tin
lead
copper
silver
gold
platinum
Reacts with water
Reacts with acid
Reacts with oxygen
LO: I know how metals differ in reactivity.

58. 11. Corrosion
LO: I know what is meant by corrosion of a metal.

59. A metal corrodes when the surface atoms react to form a compound.
An uncorroded metal is in appearance.
shiny
A corroded metal is in appearance.
dull
Different metals corrode at different rates:
corrodes very quickly.
sodium
hardly corrodes at all.
gold
Metals corrode fastest when they are exposed to .
air
Corrosion is also an example of
oxidation
LO: I know what is meant by corrosion of a metal.

60. 12. The Cause of Corrosion
LO: I know what causes corrosion.

61. Experiment oil water nail drying agent water only water & oxygen
oxygen only
LO: I know what causes corrosion.

62. The iron only rusts when and are present. water oxygen
Result:
The iron only rusts when and are present.
water
oxygen
Only the corrosion of is called rusting.
iron
The rusting of iron can be speeded up by:
Adding salt.
Adding acid.
Heating it up.
LO: I know what causes corrosion.

63. 13. Test for Rusting
LO: I know how to test for rusting.

64. The presence of rusting is detected using . indicator: rust
rust indicator
Rust indicator changes colour from to in the presence of rust.
yellow
blue
LO: I know how to test for rusting.

65. 14. Preventing Rusting
LO: I know some physical methods of stopping iron from rusting.

66. A surface barrier can be used to stop and getting to the iron. water
oxygen
Painting, for example:
- .
Forth bridge
- .
Car bodywork
Greasing or Oiling, for example:
- .
Door hinges
- .
Bicycle chain
LO: I know physical methods of stopping iron from rusting.

67. Coating with plastic, for example:
- .
Fence wire
- .
Wire baskets
Electroplating.
(covering one metal with a layer of another using electricity).
- .
Chrome pipes
- .
Jewellery
LO: I know physical methods of stopping iron from rusting.

68. 15. Electroplating
LO: I know what is meant by electroplating.

69. Electroplating is covering one metal with another using . electricity
Nickel plating on copper:
nickel
copper
nickel plating solution
LO: I know the reactions involved in electroplating.

70. During the plating process:
The strip gets smaller in mass.
nickel
A layer of forms on the copper strip.
nickel
Electroplating iron with a layer of makes it look and stops and from getting to the iron below.
chromium
shiny
water
oxygen
LO: I know the reactions involved in electroplating.

71. 16. Chemical Protection of Iron
LO: I know chemical methods of stopping iron from rusting.

72. If iron is connected to a reactive metal it will not corrode. more
e.g. iron and magnesium
rust indicator
magnesium
The reactive metal corrodes instead of the iron.
more
This is called protection.
sacrificial
LO: I know chemical methods of stopping iron from rusting.

73. If iron is connected to a
HOWEVER:
If iron is connected to a
reactive metal it will corrode faster than normal.
less
rust indicator
copper
e.g. iron and copper
The iron to protect the copper from corrosion.
rusts
LO: I know chemical methods of stopping iron from rusting.

74. 16. Galvanising
LO: I know what is meant by galvanising iron.

75. Galvanising is coating iron with a layer of . zinc
The iron objects are dipped into molten zinc.
This provides double protection:
Physical protection from and
water
oxygen
- Chemical protection as zinc is reactive than iron.
more
LO: I know what is meant by galvanising iron.