1. Chemistry 1 Test Review

2. 1) The periodic table is organized by
How is the organization of the Periodic Table beneficial (What
does it tell you? What are the patterns?)
The periodic table is organized by
Atomic number – increasing from left to right
Columns called groups or families – element have similar properties and the same number or valance electrons
Rows called periods - periods increase down the period table. The period number is equal to the number of energy levels (shells) in an element
The organization of the periodic table allows easy use and provide a lot of information in one page.

3. 2) metalloids Nonmetals Metals
On the periodic table below, identify the area where
the metals, non-metals & metalloids are located:
metalloids
Nonmetals
Metals

4. 2 – Continued! Metals Non Metals ductile (can be pulled into a wire)
Malleable (can be pounded into a sheet)
Shiny
conductors
Non Metals
brittle
dull
insulators

5. 3)
Which side of the periodic table contains the most reactive
elements? Least reactive?
The most reactive side of the periodic table is the left side. The reactivity decreases to the right
Least reactive
Most reactive

6. 3 continued
Sodium is very reactive. That means it easily combines with other elements to form a compound
Neon is not reactive. It does NOT combine with other atoms.

7. 4) The elements in the same group have similar properties
When looking at a Periodic Table, how do you know which elements
have similar properties? Give an example.
The elements in the same group have similar properties
See next slide for examples

8. 4 - continued Alkali metals Group 1 Alkaline-earth metals Group 2
Soft and shiny and reacts violently with water.
Positive 1 ion
Reactive metal with two valance electrons
Positive 2 ion
Noble gases Group 18
Halogens Group 17
Noble gases exist in the form of gas because they don't react with other elements.
Do not bond to form compounds.

9. 5) Protons Neutrons Electrons positive Has (adds) mass
For each sub-atomic particle, describe its charge, its contribution to the mass of the atom and where it is found in an atom. In addition, describe the charge of an atom with the same number of protons and electrons. 5)
Protons
positive
Has (adds) mass
Found in the nucleus
Neutrons
nuetral
Electrons
negative
Has virtually no mass
Found in the “electron cloud”

10. 5 – Continued!
An atom with an equal number of protons and electrons is neutral; the equal number of charges balances out.
An atom with an unequal number of protons and electrons is charge.
Negatively charged if it has more electrons
Positively charged if it has more protons

11. 6) Oxygen O 8 15.999 (16) 6 Silicon Si 14 28.086 (28) 4 Iron Fe 26 30
Fill in the following chart:
Element
Symbol
# of
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
Atomic
Number
Mass
Valence
Oxygen O 8
(16) 6
Silicon Si 14
(28) 4
Iron Fe 26 30
(56)
Variable
Aluminum Al 13
(27) 3
Calcium Ca 20
(40) 2

12. 7) 8 A - 8 P - 8 E - 8 M - 16 N - 8 A. How many protons?
B. How many neutrons?
C. How many electrons?
D. Bohr Model
For the element Oxygen:
A - 8
P - 8
E - 8
M - 16
N - 8
p = 8
n = 8

13. 7-continued) 14 A - 14 P - 14 E - 14 M - 28 N - 14
A. How many protons? 14
B. How many neutrons?
C. How many electrons?
D. Bohr Model
For the element Silicon:
A - 14
P - 14
E - 14
M - 28
N - 14
p = 14
n = 14

14. 7-continued) Al 13 14 A - 13 P - 13 12 E - 13 M - 27 N - 14
A. How many protons? 13
B. How many neutrons? 14
C. How many electrons? 12
D. Lewis Dot Diagram
For the element Aluminum:
A - 13
P - 13
E - 13
M - 27
N - 14 Al

15. 7-continued) Ca 20 A - 20 P - 20 E - 20 M - 40 N - 20
A. How many protons? 20
B. How many neutrons?
C. How many electrons?
D. Lewis Dot Diagram
For the element Calcium:
A - 20
P - 20
E - 20
M - 40
N - 20 Ca

16. 8)
What do periods tell us about an element? What is the pattern
on the Periodic Table (top to bottom)?
The Period is the number of energy levels (rings) that elements in that row has. The period increases from top to bottom of the Periodic Table. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
increasing

17. 9)
What do groups tell us about an element? What is the pattern?
The Group (also known as family) includes related elements that all have the same number of electrons in their outer energy level.
increasing

18. 10)
What can we say about the number of protons as we move from
left to right across the Periodic Table.
The number of protons (and of course the atomic number) increases from left to right AND from top to bottom on the Periodic Table
increasing

19. 11) nucleus Protons Neutrons electrons – “energy levels” (orbits)
Where can the protons, electrons and neutrons be found in
an atom (be specific)?
Protons
Neutrons
electrons – “energy levels” (orbits)
nucleus
protons
neutrons
electrons

20. 12) Mass of the atom is the number of protons plus number of neutrons.
How do you calculate the mass of an atom?
Mass of the atom is the number of
protons plus number of neutrons.
HINT: it is the “MAN” in APE MAN
Mass = number + neutrons
(remember that number is protons!)

21. 13) Metals: good conductors shiny malleable: can be pounded into thin
What are common properties of metals, nonmetals and metalloids?
Metals: good conductors
shiny
malleable: can be pounded into thin
sheets; think aluminum foil
ductile: can be pulled into wires
Metalloids: some properties of both metals and nonmetals.
Non-Metals: NOT good conductors, NOT shiny, NOT malleable, not ductile

22. End Test Review Answers….
Old slides follow.

23. 14) An ion is an atom that has gained or lost an
What is an ion?
If you have a sodium ion, what is its electrical charge?
An ion is an atom that has gained or lost an
Electron. ELEMENTS DO NOT GAIN OR
LOSE PROTONS. Since electrons are negative, when you lose one, the atom becomes positive.
Since sodium has 1 lonely electron on its outter shell, it will lose that electron and become positive by one: Na+1.

24. 15)
What is an isotope?
An isotope is an atom that has one more or one less neutron. Since protons and neutrons make up the mass of the atom, isotopes have different weights.
The reason that the mass of atoms on the periodic table is a “decimal” is because it is the weighted average of different isotopes of that element.
NOTE: ATOMS NEVER GAIN/LOSE PROTONS!

26. What is the difference between and element and a compound?
Old question….)
Elements are the smallest “piece” of material and have common properties.
Compounds are substances that are made up of atoms.
For example, hydrogen and oxygen are elements. They combine to form water H2O

28. 7-A) H 1 A - 1 P - 1 E - 1 M - 1 N - 0 For the element Hydrogen:
A. How many protons? 1
B. How many neutrons?
C. How many electrons?
D. Bohr Model
E. Lewis Dot
A - 1
P - 1
E - 1
M - 1
N - 0
p = 1
n = 0 H

29. 7-B) Li 3 4 A - 3 P - 3 E - 3 M - 7 N - 4 For the element Lithium:
A. How many protons? 3
B. How many neutrons? 4
C. How many electrons?
D. Bohr Model
E. Lewis Dot
A - 3
P - 3
E - 3
M - 7
N - 4
p = 3
n = 4 Li

30. 7-C)
For the element Sodium:
A. How many protons? 11
B. How many neutrons? 12
C. How many electrons?
D. Bohr Model
E. Lewis Dot
A - 11
P - 11
E - 11
M - 23
N - 12
p = 11
n = 12 Na