1. Modern Chemistry Chapter 8 Chemical Equations and Reactions
Sections 1, 2 & 3
Describing Chemical Reactions
Types of Chemical Reactions
Activity Series of the Elements
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2. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Synthesis reaction
Decomposition reaction
Electrolysis
Single-displacement reaction
Double-displacement reaction
Combustion reaction
Chapter Vocabulary
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3. Types of Chemical Reactions
Section 2
Types of Chemical Reactions
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4. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Synthesis Reaction
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5. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Synthesis Reaction
Two or more substances combine to form a new compound
A + X  AX
Element + oxygen  oxide
Metal + halogen  metal halide
Oxide + water  hydroxide
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6. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Demonstration
Demonstration
Hydrogen Rockets
2H2 (g) + O2(g)  2H2O(g)
Synthesis Reaction
Combustion Reaction
Exothermic Reactions
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7. P4 (s) + O2 (g)  P4O10 (g) H2 (g) + O2 (g)  H2O(g)
Synthesis Reaction
1. Element + Oxygen  Oxide
P4 (s) + O2 (g)  P4O10 (g)
H2 (g) + O2 (g)  H2O(g)
Insert McMurry Fay Chemistry Disc 2
Insert Holt: Visualizing Matter Disc 1
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8. See White Phosphorus Barking Dogs on Houghton Mifflin Chemistry DVD
Reactions with Oxygen
Insert McMurry Fay Chemistry Disc 2
See White Phosphorus Barking Dogs on Houghton Mifflin Chemistry DVD
Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p

9. See Zinc and Iodide Reaction on Houghton Mifflin Chemistry DVD
Synthesis Reaction
2. Metal + Halogen  Metal Halide
2Na (s) + Cl2 (g)  2NaCl (s)
2Al (s) + 3Br2 (l)  2AlBr3 (s)
Insert McMurry Fay Chemistry Disc 1
See Zinc and Iodide Reaction on Houghton Mifflin Chemistry DVD
Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p

10. CaO (s) + H2O (l)  Ca(OH)2 (aq)
Synthesis Reaction
3. Oxide + Water  Hydroxide
CaO (s) + H2O (l)  Ca(OH)2 (aq)
2P2 O5 (s) + 6H2O (l)  4H3PO4 (aq)
metal
base
acid
nonmetal
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11. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
2P2 O5 (s) + 6H2O (l)  4H3PO4 (aq)
Oxides and Water
CaO (s) + H2O (l)  Ca(OH)2 (aq)
Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p
p. xx

12. Predicting the Products
Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of antimony and hydrogen.
Potassium oxide reacts with water to form a compound. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
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13. Decomposition Reaction
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14. Decomposition Reaction
A single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances
AX  A + X
Decompositions of…
Binary Compounds
Metal Carbonates
Metal Hydroxides
Metal Chlorates
Acids
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15. Decomposition Reactions
1. Decomposition of Binary Compounds
HgO (g)  Hg(s) + O2 (g)
H2O(l)  H2 (g) + O2 (g)
Insert Holt: Visualizing Matter Disc 1
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16. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Electrolysis
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p. 270

17. Decomposition Reaction
2. Decomposition of Metal Carbonates
CaCO3 (s)  CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
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18. Decomposition Reaction
3. Decomposition of Metal Hydroxide
Ca(OH)2 (s)  CaO (s) + H2O (l)
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19. Decomposition Reaction
4. Decomposition of Metal Chlorates
KClO3 (s)  KCl (s) + O2 (g)
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20. Decomposition Reaction
5. Decomposition of Acids
H2CO3 (aq)  H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
Insert Holt: Visualizing Matter Disc 1
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21. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Names of Acids
Memorize the names of common acids.
hydrochloric acid HCl
hydrobromic acid HBr
hydroiodic acid HI
hydrofluoric acid HF
nitric acid HNO3
sulfuric acid H2SO4
phosphoric acid H3PO4
Ammonia = NH3
Not an acid but good to know!
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22. Demonstration Demonstration Genie in the Bottle
2H2O2(g)  2H2O(l) + O2(g)
Decomposition Reaction
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23. Predicting the Products
Calcium carbonate decomposes into two compounds. Write the balance equation for the reaction.
Write the balanced equation for the decomposition of cobalt II bromide.
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24. Single Displacement Reaction
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25. Single Displacement Reaction
One element replaces a similar element in a compound
A + BX  AX + B
Y + BX  BY + X
Displacement of Metals
Displacement of Halogen
Displacement of H in Water by a Metal
Displacement of H in Acid by a Metal
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26. Single Displacement  Cu + Ag Cu +2 +1 (NO3) -1 + Ag +2 (NO3) -1 2
Displacement of Metals
copper II + silver I nitrate 
Diatomic?  Cu +2 + Ag +1
(NO3) -1 Cu + Ag +2
(NO3) -1 2
Insert Holt: Visualizing Matter Disc 1
Cu (s) + Ag(NO3) (aq)  Ag(s) + Cu(NO3)2 (aq)
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27. Demonstration Demonstration Can Ripper
Al(s) + CuCl2 (aq)  Cy(s) + AlCl3 (aq) Single Displacement Reactions
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28. F2 (g) + NaCl (s)  Cl2 (g) + NaF (s)
Single Displacement
2. Displacement of Halogens fluorine and sodium chloride  F -1 + Na +1 -1 F -1 + Na +1 -1 Cl Cl 2 2
Diatomic?
Diatomic?
F2 (g) + NaCl (s)  Cl2 (g) + NaF (s)
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29. Li(s) + H2O (l)  H2 (g) + LiOH (aq)
Single Displacement
3. Displacement of H in Water by a Metal
lithium + water  +1 Li +1  Li + H + +1
(OH) -1 H +1
(OH) -1 2
Li(s) + H2O (l)  H2 (g) + LiOH (aq)
Insert McMurry Fay Chemistry Disc 1
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30. Mg(s) + HCl (aq)  MgCl2 (aq) + H2(g)
Single Displacement
4. Displacement of H in Acid by a Metal
magnesium + hydrochloric acid   +2 -1 Mg +2 + +1 +1 + H Cl -1 Mg H Cl 2 2
Mg(s) + HCl (aq)  MgCl2 (aq) + H2(g)
Insert Holt: Visualizing Matter Disc 1
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31. Demonstration Demonstration Hollow Penny
Zn (s) + HCl (aq)  ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
Single Displacement Reaction
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32. Predicting the Products
Write the balanced equation for the replacement of chromium by magnesium in chromium III chloride.
Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of bromine and iron III iodide.
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33. Double Displacement Reaction
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34. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Double Displacement
The ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds
AX + BY  BX + AY
Formation of a Precipitate
Formation of a Gas
Formation of Water
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35. Double Displacement  K I + Pb K I + Pb +1 +2 -1 -1 +2 -1 +1 -1 (NO3)
Formation of a Precipitate potassium iodide + lead II nitrate +1 +2 -1  -1 +2 -1 +1 -1 K I + Pb
(NO3) K I + Pb
(NO3) 2 2
KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2 (aq)  KNO3 (aq) + PbI2 (s)
Insert Holt: Visualizing Matter Disc 1
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36. Iron III Choride & Sodium Hydroxide
Silver Nitrate & Sodium Chloride
Insert Holt: Visualizing Matter Disc 1
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37. Double Displacement  Fe + H Fe S + H S
2. Formation of a Gas iron II sulfide + hydrochloric acid +2 +1 +2 -2 -1  +1 -2 -1 Fe + H Fe S + H S Cl Cl 2 2
FeS(s) + 2HCl (aq)  H2S (g) + FeCl2 (aq)
Insert Holt: Visualizing Matter Disc 1
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38. Double Displacement  Na OH + H Na OH + H +1 -1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1 Cl +1
3. Formation of Water
sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid  +1 -1 +1 -1  -1 +1 -1 Na OH + H Cl Na +1 OH + H OH
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)  H2O (l) + NaCl(aq)
Insert Holt: Visualizing Matter Disc 1
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39. Predicting the Products
Write the balanced chemical equation
for the reaction between potassium bromide and silver I nitrate.
Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of potassium sulfate and barium nitrate.
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40. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Combustion Reaction
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41. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Combustion
A substance combines with oxygen releasing a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat
X + O2  XO2
H2 (g) + O2 (g)  H2O (g)
CxHy + O2  CO2 + H2O
C3H8 + O2  3CO2 + 4H2O
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42. Demonstration Demonstration
Combustion of Methane CH4 (g) + O2 (g)  CO2 (g) + H2O(g)
Combustion Reactions
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43. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Naming Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons – compounds containing hydrogen and carbon
Carbon has four bonds.
There are three classes of hydrocarbons:
alkanes – all single bonds
alkenes – contain one double bond
alkynes – contain one triple bond
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44. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Naming Hydrocarbons
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45. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Naming Hydrocarbons
Prefixes tell the number of carbon atoms in the molecule
1 - meth
2 - eth
3 - prop
4 - but
5 - pent
6 - hex
7 - hept
8 - oct
9 - non
10 - dec
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46. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Naming Hydrocarbons
Alkanes – names end in –ane.
Cx H2x + 2
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47. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Naming Hydrocarbons
Alkenes – names end in –ene.
Cx H2x
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48. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Naming Hydrocarbons
Alkynes – names end in –yne.
Cx H2x - 2
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49. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Naming Hydrocarbons
Find the formula of the following hydrocarbons
Butene
Octane
Pentyne
Propene
Butane
Ethyne
C 4 H 8
C 8 H 18
C 5 H 8
C 3 H 6
C 4 H 10
C 2 H 2
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50. Predicting the Products
Octane combusts. Write the balanced
equation for the reaction.
Write the balanced reaction for the combustion of pentene.
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51. Types of Reactions Movies and Animations
Insert Glencoe Chemistry Concepts & Applications Disc 1
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52. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Section 2 Homework
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53. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Reaction Comics
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54. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Single Replacement
AB + C  B + AC
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55. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Synthesis
A B  AB
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56. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Double Replacement
AB + CD  CB + AD
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57. Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284
Decomposition
AB  A B
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