1. Chapter 31: The Cold War
The Cold War Begins

2. Balance of Power After WW2
Areas of Disagreement
Eastern Europe
US wanted it to be democratic
USSR refused to allow free elections
Set up pro Soviet regimes
Greece
Civil War led to introduction of Communism
Great Britain provided assistance
Financial problems led to Great Britain’s withdrawal

3. Balance of Power after WW2
The Truman Doctrine (1947)
US would provide money to countries threatened by Communist expansion
First countries to benefit were Greece and Turkey
The Marshall Plan (1947)
Economic recovery plan for Europe
US provides Europe with $13 billion to aid rebuild
Did not aid Soviet Union or Soviet Satellite nations
USSR created COMECON to assist Eastern Europe
Policy of Containment (1947)
Stop the spread of communism
Limit it to where it already exists

4. Balance of Power after WW2
Germany
Divided into 4 occupied zones (US, France, GB, USSR)
Berlin divided up in the same way
West Germany (US, GB, France)
East Germany (USSR)
Berlin Airlift (1949)
USSR tried to secure all of Berlin by isolating West Berlin
US and GB begin to fly in and drop off supplies for 9 months
200,000 flights made (13,000 a day at one point)

5. Spread of the Cold War New Alliances Arms Race
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)- 1949
Democratic countries
Provide assistance to one another if attacked
Warsaw Pact (1955)
All Communist countries
Countered NATO
Arms Race
Build up of nuclear weapons by US and USSR
Deterrence
Build up of nuclear weapons to avoid going to war
1957: Sputnik I launched (first satellite to go into space)

6. Spread of the Cold War Berlin Wall (1961)
Designed to prevent East German citizens from fleeing into West Berlin to escape Communism
15 feet high; 100 miles long through and around West Berlin
Covered in barbed wire with Machine gun towers protected the wall
Anyone approaching it in East Berlin was shot on sight

7. Chapter 31: The Cold War
China after World War 2 

8. Civil War in China Battle between Nationalists and Communists
Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek (Ruling Party)
Communists led by Mao Zedong
Established in Northern China
Controlled million
Army (People’s Liberation Army)
1 million soldiers

9. Civil War in China
1946
Attempts to form a coalition government between the two sides
Failed miserably which led to war
Communist Party was appealing to many groups
Peasants in country because of land opportunities
Middle class in cities didn’t like Chiang’s policies
Nationalists troops switched sides
1948
Communists had taken control (October 1)
All Nationalists supporters fled to Taiwan

10. Civil War in China Great Leap Forward
1955: Collectivization begins in China and industry nationalized
Hope was for increased food production which never came
1958: Great Leap Forward
Establishing communes out of 700,000 farms
Each commune had 30,000 people
Goal was economic growth through group work and a classless society
Results
Disaster
Poor growing seasons led to starvation
15 million dead

11. Civil War in China 1966 Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
Hope to create working class culture
Mao’s Little Red Book
Manual for Communism
Most important source of knowledge in China
Red Guards
Police squad designed to rid society of impure
Targeted capitalists, old ideas, old culture, old customs, old habits
Turned to path of violence and destruction

12. China and the Cold War Became an enemy of democracy
Showed they would support “national wars of liberation”
US began to fear China when they got involved in Korean War
China and Soviet Union although both Communist, did not truly get along enough to unite
By 1970’s China began to improve relations with West

13. Chapter 31: The Cold War
Cold War Conflicts

14. The US and the Soviet Union
Creation of Proxy War
US and USSR never directly fight
Always fight other countries that are allies
Always threatened nuclear war
Both supported local wars for either communism or democracy
US begins to show policy of Containment

15. The Korean War (1950-1953) Japan controlled Korea through WW2
Divided in half after war
North of 38th Parallel belonged to USSR
South of 38th Parallel belonged to USA
Stalin supported North Korean troops invade South (6/25/50)
US responds by sending in troops
Goal was to unite the North and South portions in democracy
China responds by sending troops in to aid North Korea
After 3 years, armistice signed in 1953
Re-established the 38th parallel as boundary line
North remains Communist and South remains Democartic

16. The Cuban Missile Crisis
1959
Fidel Castro stages revolution in Cuba
Supported by USSR
1961
The Bay of Pigs Invasion
CIA supports Cuban rebels
Goal is to overthrow Castro
In 4 days, all rebels had either died or surrendered
1962
USSR begins to place nuclear missiles in Cuba
US had placed nuclear missiles in Turkey pointed towards USSR

17. The Cuban Missile Crisis
October 1962
USSR send more missiles to Cuba
President Kennedy creates a blockade around Cuba
Bought time for both sides to create peace
Led to greater communication between the 2

18. The Vietnam War Beginnings
French colonial rule vs. Ho Chi Minh (Communist Leader)
Vietnam wanted its independence from French rule
1945: Ho Chi Minh and Communists seize power through elections
Set up government in Hanoi (North)
France maintained Saigon (South)
1954: France signs Geneva Peace Accords
Divided Vietnam into two parts
1956: Joint elections to be held
Goal was to unite the country
Failed miserably

19. The Vietnam War The Domino Theory Anti-War Movement
Idea that if one country falls to Communism, all neighboring countries will as well
Validation for President Johnson to send in troops to Vietnam
North Vietnam sends in more troops to South
Anti-War Movement
In US, growing number of troops sent leads to protest
Results in morale and public opinion of war decrease
Johnson criticized for decision making
President Nixon replaces him and removes US
1973: Paris Peace Accords
US withdraws forces
By 1975, Communist control all of Vietnam