1. CHAPTER 13 Cultural Exchange and Survival

2. Contact and domination
Acculturation
Westernization – influence of Western expansion on other societies
Destruction, domination, resistance, survival, adaptation, and modification of local cultures may follow interethnic contact

3. Development and environmentalism

4. Religious change Religious proselytizing can promote ethnocide
Political ideology of a nation-state may oppose traditional religion (e.g., Soviet empire)
Governments may also use their power to advance a religion (e.g., Islam in Iran or Sudan)

5. Antimodernism
Antimodernism: rejection of the modern in favor of what is perceived as an earlier, purer, and better way of life
Barber (1992, 1995) argues tribalism and globalism are the two key – and opposed – principles of our age
In antimodern movements, social solidarity often is achieved through exclusion, separation, and opposition

6. Resistance and survival
Oppressed people always resist in some non-public way
Methods of curbing resistance:
Hegemony
Convincing subordinates that they will eventually gain power
Isolating subordinates and supervising them closely
Weapons of the Weak (Scott)

7. Cultural imperialism
Spread or advance of one culture at the expense of others, which it modifies, replaces, or destroys
Mass media

8. Making and remaking culture
Popular culture
Indigenizing popular culture

9. World system of images
Electronic mass media can spread, and even help create, national and ethnic identities

10. Transnational culture of consumption
Contemporary global culture is driven by flows of people, technology, finance, information, and ideology

11. People in motion
Today, people are traveling more than ever

12. Indigenous peoples
Term and concept indigenous people gained legitimacy through international law
Cultural Exchange and Survival
Essentialism

13. Continuance of diversity
Anthropology has crucial roles to play:
Promoting a more humanistic vision of social change
Increasing respect for the value of human biological and cultural diversity
Increasing understanding of similarities and differences among humans throughout the world