1. Organizational Behavior
Today's Objectives
Introduction
Introduction to subject
Importance in your degree
Importance in your organization, career and life
Moving around the subject
How we study this subject?
How we have to study this subject?
How we will go for the subject?
First topic

2. Organizational Behavior: First view
Interdisciplinary field dedicated to better understanding and managing people at work

3. What is Management ?
“The planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of human and other resources to achieve organizational goals effectively and efficiently”
“Management is a set of activities directed at an organization’s resources with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner”

4. Management Activities / Functions

5. What is Management ? Functions
Planning: Process of identifying and selecting appropriate organizational goals and courses of action
Organizing: Task managers perform to create a structure of working relationships that allow organizational members to interact and cooperate to achieve organizational goals
Leading: Articulating a clear organizational vision for its members to accomplish, and energize and enable employees so that everyone understands the part they play in achieving organizational goals
Controlling: Task of managers is to evaluate how well an organization has achieved its goals and to take any corrective actions needed to maintain or improve performance

6. Efficient and Effective
What is Management ?
Resources
Human
Financial
Physical
Information
Efficient and Effective
Efficient means using resources wisely and without unnecessary waste.
Effective means doing the right things successfully.

7. What is Management ? Organization
An organization is a collection of people working together in a coordinated and structured fashion to achieve one or more goals.
A consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals

8. What is Management ? Organization and people
Organizations are strongly influenced by the people that form part of them.
Organizations can take in part of the personality of the people within them and their attitudes, perceptions and behaviors affect how an organization will operate.
Organization’s Role in Society
Organizations exist to allow accomplishment of work that could not be achieved by people alone.
As long as the goals of an organization are appropriate, society will allow them to exist and they can contribute to society

9. What is Management ?
Levels of management

10. What is Management ? Managerial skills Conceptual skills
The ability to analyze and diagnose a situation and distinguish between cause and effect.
Human skills
The ability to understand, alter, lead, and control the behavior of other individuals and groups.
Technical skills
Job-specific skills required to perform a particular type of work or occupation at a high level.

11. What is Management ? Managerial Roles
Management Roles: (Henry Mintzberg)
Interpersonal Roles
Figurehead, Leader ,Liaison
Informational Roles
Monitor, Disseminator, Spokesperson
Decisional Roles
Entrepreneur, Disturbance handler,
Resource allocator, Negotiator

12. Challenges faced by management
What is Management ?
Challenges faced by management
New workplace as knowledge organizations
Environmental changes
Globalization
Information technology (IT)
Total Quality management (TQM)
Workplace diversity
Ethics

13. Challenges faced by management
What is Management ?
Challenges faced by management
New workplace as knowledge organizations
Workplaces are called as knowledge organizations due to following reasons:
Organizations are influenced by environmental changes
People being the essential element of organization respond to changes
People have behaviors, therefore, better management of behaviors lead to success of organization
So better management of HR and their behavior lead to better resource availability at workplace and makes organization a knowledge organization and developing knowledge organization is a challenge for management

14. Challenges faced by management
What is Management ?
Challenges faced by management
Environmental changes – Globalization
Globalization means becoming borderless
Becoming borderless in corporate environment means borderless economy and borderless operations
Borderless economy demands from organizations to gain global competitive advantage
Global competitive advantage require an organizational management to acquire the relevant HR and manage their behavior in global environment which is a challenge for management

15. Challenges faced by management
What is Management ?
Challenges faced by management
Environmental changes – IT / information age
1st generation of IT was based on data automation
2nd generation of IT consists of an integrated system and its transformation into decision support system (DSS)
Changes in IT and its growing use has changed the requirements of HR, their needs and behavior.
Management of HR behavoir in changing IT environment is a challenge for management

16. Challenges faced by management
What is Management ?
Challenges faced by management
IT is challenging for three reasons:
Applicable in all sectors
Cost reduction tool
Can change all operations
IT has impact on work and job in following manner:
Use of neural networks
Use of internet
Use of intranet
Downsizing
Flat organization
Less bureaucracy

17. Challenges faced by management
What is Management ?
Challenges faced by management
Environmental changes – Quality
Quality is the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bears its ability to satisfy stated or implied need
Current day world is influenced by term quality service revolution
Quality is the cost of entering in world market place
Therefore, quality has direct impact on success of organization
wholistic impact of quality gave birth to total quality management (TQM)

18. Challenges faced by management
What is Management ?
Challenges faced by management
Environmental changes – Quality
Quality is delivered by relevant and experienced HR
Acquiring HR and managing its behavior that can deliver the quality to internal and external customers is a challenge for management

19. Challenges faced by management
What is Management ?
Challenges faced by management
Total quality management require all internal and external stakeholders to deliver quality in all functions
TQM has three trends:
It is difficult to implement
Components of TQM are hard to classify
There are rapid changes in the area

20. Challenges faced by management
What is Management ?
Challenges faced by management
Following are the major tools in TQM:
Reengineering: redesign of business processes to make improvements in cost, quality, speed service
Benchmarking: process of comparing work and service methods against the best practices and outcomes for purpose of identifying changes that will result in higher quality
Empowerment: process of recognizing and releasing power among the people. Following are the requirements to make empowerment effective:
Participation
Innovation
access to information
accountability

21. Challenges faced by management
What is Management ?
Challenges faced by management
Environmental changes – Workforce Diversity
Diversity means the state of being diverse; variety
Diversity may lead to discrimination based on following:
Age
Sex
Race
Ethnicity
Religion
Disability etc.
Challenge for management IS to remove all forms of discriminations and create equal opportunities

22. Challenges faced by management
What is Management ?
Challenges faced by management
Environmental changes – Ethics
Ethics consist of a set of moral principles, esp. ones relating to or affirming a specified group, field, or form of conduct.
Emerging workplace ethics related problem are :
Sexual harassment
Ceiling effect
Work- family relationship
Challenge for management is to maintain workplace ethics

23. Challenges faced by management
What is Management ?
Challenges faced by management
Solution to challenges: New perspective of management
Solution to new challenges faced by management lies in making emphasis on Human skills also called Behavioral approach:
The ability to understand, alter, lead, and control the behavior of other individuals and groups.
Traditional view of management also called as human relations approach used money and incentives as tool to resolve problems
Contemporary view of management also called as behavioral management require to study human behaviors for effective management of human resource

24. Approaches to Management
What is Management ?
Approaches to Management
Process approach
Quantitative approach
System approach
Contingency approach
Human relation approach
Behavioral approach

25. What is Management ? Traditional approach – Human relations
Approaches to Management
Behavioural approach to management
Traditional approach – Human relations
Economic security
Working conditions
Monetary rewards
Contemporary approach - Behavioral approach
Researching human behaviours
Managing people in light of behaviours
Increasing emphasis on use of human skills in addition to conceptual and technical skills

26. What is Management ? Approaches to Management
Behavioural approach to management
Attempts to provide specific necessary background skills needed to make managers of today and tomorrow as effective with the conceptual and humans dimension of management as they been in past with technical or functional dimensions
Emphasis is on developing the ability to understand, alter, lead, and control the behavior of other individuals and groups.

27. What is organizational behavior ?
Study of human behavior in organization setting
Organizational behaviour attempts to provide background and skills to deal with human dimension of management
Understanding, prediction and management of human behaviour in organization setting (Luthans)
“The study of individual behavior and group dynamics in organizations” (Luthans)

28. What is organizational behavior ?
Organizational behaviour is the systematic study of the actions and attitudes that people exhibits within organizations (Robbins)
Organizational behaviour is a field of study that investigates how individuals, groups and structure affect and are affected by behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness (Robbins)

29. What is organizational behavior ?
Relationship with other disciplines

30. What is organizational behavior ?
Theoretical frameworks and organizational behavior model
Cognitive framework
Cognition is act of knowing information
Cognition is based on:
Inputs (information)
Output (behavior)
Cognition process consists of :
Thinking
Perception
Problem solving
Information processing

31. What is organizational behavior ?
Theoretical frameworks and organizational behavior model
Cognitive framework
Cognition is a logical thinking that creates “expectancy” that a particular event will lead to a particular consequence
Based on expectancy an individual behaves in a certain manner on happening of certain event
Therefore behavior is explained through cognition and this makes cognitive framework the part of organizational behavior e.g. how managers makes decision and behave

32. What is organizational behavior ?
Theoretical frameworks and organizational behavior model
Behaviouristic framework
Behaviouristic approach is environmental based and take input from environment
The approach is based on observation
Stimulus response phenomena i.e. a stimulus generates a response is the basics of this approach also called as classical school

33. What is organizational behavior ?
Theoretical frameworks and organizational behavior model
Behaviouristic framework
Skinner (father of operant conditioning school) explained that stimulus response helps to explain the physical reflexes but there exits operant conditioning
Operant conditioning stands that consequences of response infect explains the most behaviors as compared to stimuli. It means expected results of some input directs an individual to behave in certain way instead of expected reaction in response to an action
Therefore is behavior is function of its consequences

34. What is organizational behavior ?
Theoretical frameworks and organizational behavior model
Social learning framework
Social learning approach is a behavioral approach but combination of cognitive and Behavioural framework.
According to Bandura, behavior can be best explained in terms of continues reciprocal interaction among cognitive, behavioral and environmental determinants
According to Bandura, personality is shaped by an interaction among cognitive factors, behaviors and environmental factors. This interaction is termed reciprocal determinism.

35. What is organizational behavior ?
Theoretical frameworks and organizational behavior model
Social learning framework
Under social learning approach individuals
Learn about their environment
Alter and construct their environment to make reinforces available
Note the importance of rule and symbolic process in learning
Organizational participants
Organizational
environment
behaviour
Cognition guide
organizational behaviour
Participants control their
behaviour using cognition
and manage environmental
signals
complex behavior is
acquired from environment

36. What is organizational behavior ?
Theoretical frameworks and organizational behavior model
Social learning framework – Organizational behaviour model
Cognitive approach – understanding the human behavior
Behavioural approach – predicting and managing human behavior
Cognitive approach – internal factors
Behavioral approach – external factor

37. What is organizational behavior ?
Contemporary organizational behavior
An interdisciplinary focus – relations with other field

38. What is organizational behavior ?
Contemporary organizational behavior
An interdisciplinary focus – relations with other field

39. What is organizational behavior ?
Contemporary organizational behavior
An interdisciplinary focus – relations with other field

40. What is organizational behavior ?
Contemporary organizational behavior
An interdisciplinary focus – relations with other field

41. What is organizational behavior ?
Contemporary organizational behavior
An interdisciplinary focus – relations with other field

42. What is organizational behavior ?
Contemporary organizational behavior
Descriptive nature
Organizational behaviour has main emphasis on describing the problems associated with behaviour rather than prescribing
The reason for this phenomena are:
Immaturity of the field as the filed of is still in process of development
Complexity of behaviours
Lack of valid information for research

43. What is organizational behavior ?
Importance for managers
Help managers to define the complex human behaviour and problems associated with it
Help managers to understand, predict and manager human behaviour for effective management of organizations
Help the mangers to classify:
People as organizations
People as resource
People as people

44. Your assignment -Write a note on following
Next time
Overview of various approaches to management with specific emphasis on behavioural approach
OB frameworks
Completion of first bullet of course
Activity
Paper discussion
Your assignment -Write a note on following
Behaviour
Attitude
Personality
Quality
Diversity
Perception
Emotions
Cognition
Values
Culture

45. Questions ?

46. Thank You