1. Chapter 5 sections 3 and 4 Roman Life and The Spread of Christianity

2. Art and Architecture Romans used many Greek ideas, such as colonnades and rectangular buildings Romans used many Greek ideas, such as colonnades and rectangular buildings New ideas: Arch, Vault, and Dome New ideas: Arch, Vault, and Dome First to use concrete ( especially in the coliseum) First to use concrete ( especially in the coliseum) Amazing engineers: Amazing engineers: Built roads, bridges, aqueducts. 50,000 miles of Roads!

3. Roman Arch

5. Roman Pantheon: Dome

6. Roman Aqueducts

7. Family Life and Women’s Role Children learned to read. Children learned to read. Roman boys turned to men when 16 and received the white toga of manhood Roman boys turned to men when 16 and received the white toga of manhood Some girls were educated, but most were married by the time they were 16. Some girls were educated, but most were married by the time they were 16. Romans believed women were weak and needed to be protected by men. Romans believed women were weak and needed to be protected by men.

9. Changes By 100 A.D. things began to change By 100 A.D. things began to change Men could no longer sell his children into slavery or have them put to death. Men could no longer sell his children into slavery or have them put to death. Upper-Class Roman women gained the right to own land, sell it, and inherit it. Upper-Class Roman women gained the right to own land, sell it, and inherit it. Women could not be involved in politics, but did influence it through their husbands. Women could not be involved in politics, but did influence it through their husbands.

10. Slavery and Slave Revolts Slavery was common in Ancient times, but even more so in Rome. Slavery was common in Ancient times, but even more so in Rome. After Rome expanded, many foreigners captured in war became slaves. After Rome expanded, many foreigners captured in war became slaves. Greek slaves were in high demand as tutors, musicians, and doctors Greek slaves were in high demand as tutors, musicians, and doctors Slaves of other nationalities were household workers, cooks, waiters, cleaners, farm laborers, and to build roads, aqueducts, etc. Slaves of other nationalities were household workers, cooks, waiters, cleaners, farm laborers, and to build roads, aqueducts, etc.

11. Revolts Roman slaves were treated horribly, often worked to death, and simply replaced. Roman slaves were treated horribly, often worked to death, and simply replaced. Many revolts took place due to these conditions. Many revolts took place due to these conditions. Spartacus- He led the most famous revolt in 73 B.C. Spartacus- He led the most famous revolt in 73 B.C. He was a Gladiator slave He was a Gladiator slave He led 70,000 slaves against Roman legions and he was very successful until his capture and execution. He led 70,000 slaves against Roman legions and he was very successful until his capture and execution. 7,000 of his followers were crucified. 7,000 of his followers were crucified.

12. Spartacus (From the Movie)

13. Living Conditions in Rome Rome was very congested. Rome was very congested. Largest city in the Empire Largest city in the Empire 1 million residents 1 million residents Large temples, markets, baths, theaters, governmental buildings, gave it an image of grandeur. Large temples, markets, baths, theaters, governmental buildings, gave it an image of grandeur. Yet the city was dirty, noisy and over-crowded. Yet the city was dirty, noisy and over-crowded.

14. Streets of Rome: Rich and Poor The streets were dangerous. It was very common to be assaulted or robbed at night. The streets were dangerous. It was very common to be assaulted or robbed at night. One could also be soaked by someone’s waste who lived on the upper floors of Rome’s apartment buildings. One could also be soaked by someone’s waste who lived on the upper floors of Rome’s apartment buildings. The poor lived in insulaes, or apartment buildings. The poor lived in insulaes, or apartment buildings.

15. Roman Apartments

16. City Problems Fires were very common, due to stoves and fires used to heat in colder months. Fires were very common, due to stoves and fires used to heat in colder months. These were very difficult to put out. These were very difficult to put out. Around 200,000 Romans received government handouts of grain to survive. Around 200,000 Romans received government handouts of grain to survive. Bread and Circuses were provided to occupy the people of Rome. Bread and Circuses were provided to occupy the people of Rome.

17. Entertainment Festivals included 3 types of entertainment: Festivals included 3 types of entertainment: 1) Circus Maximus- horse and chariot races 2) Theaters- Dramatic performances 3) Coliseum- Gladiator Matches

18. Circus Maximus

19. Roman Amphitheater

20. Roman Coliseum

21. Games of Death Gladiators were usually slaves, prisoners, or criminals, yet they were regarded as heroes. Gladiators were usually slaves, prisoners, or criminals, yet they were regarded as heroes. Some matches were fights to the death, while others were fights to first blood, etc. Some matches were fights to the death, while others were fights to first blood, etc. Many exotic animals were brought in to fight each other, and other gladiators. Many exotic animals were brought in to fight each other, and other gladiators. The bottom of the coliseum was sometimes flooded to reenact naval battles. The bottom of the coliseum was sometimes flooded to reenact naval battles.

22. Roman mosaic of a gladiator spearing a leopard

24. Chapter 5 section 4 Development of Christianity

25. Roman Religion Augustus brought back many traditional festivals and ceremony’s Augustus brought back many traditional festivals and ceremony’s They also believed that the success of their empire was due to the favor of their gods They also believed that the success of their empire was due to the favor of their gods Romans were also tolerant of other religions in their empire. Romans were also tolerant of other religions in their empire. Why do you think they were? Why do you think they were?

26. Roman Gods and Goddesses (borrowed from the Greeks)

27. Judaism in the Empire Judea was the kingdom of Judaism. Judea was the kingdom of Judaism. By 6 A.D. it was under the control of Rome By 6 A.D. it was under the control of Rome There was a lot of unrest in Judea due to Roman rule. There was a lot of unrest in Judea due to Roman rule. Jews differed about how to deal with Roman rule. Jews differed about how to deal with Roman rule. Zealots, were Jews who wanted to fight back against Roman rule. Zealots, were Jews who wanted to fight back against Roman rule. In 66 A.D. they began a violent revolt that was put down by the Romans, and the holy temple of Jerusalem was destroyed. In 66 A.D. they began a violent revolt that was put down by the Romans, and the holy temple of Jerusalem was destroyed.

29. Teachings of Jesus A Jewish teacher named Jesus began traveling Judea and Galilee, teaching his beliefs which became known as Christianity. A Jewish teacher named Jesus began traveling Judea and Galilee, teaching his beliefs which became known as Christianity. He believed that his mission was to complete the salvation that God had promised Israel. He believed that his mission was to complete the salvation that God had promised Israel. He taught concepts of humility, charity, and love towards others. He taught concepts of humility, charity, and love towards others.

30. Images of Jesus Christ

31. Death of Jesus Many feared Jesus’ teachings would stir a revolt against the Romans. Many feared Jesus’ teachings would stir a revolt against the Romans. His opponents finally turned him into the Roman authorities. His opponents finally turned him into the Roman authorities. Pontius Pilate ordered him to be crucified. Pontius Pilate ordered him to be crucified. After his death his followers believed he had risen and appeared to them After his death his followers believed he had risen and appeared to them They believed Jesus to be the Messiah, and Christianity was born. They believed Jesus to be the Messiah, and Christianity was born.

32. Images of Crucifixion

33. Christianity Spreads Many apostles, or leaders spread the word of Christianity. Simon Peter, and Paul were 2 of the most prominent apostles. Many apostles, or leaders spread the word of Christianity. Simon Peter, and Paul were 2 of the most prominent apostles. At first the message was spread orally to Gentiles (non-Jews) and Jews At first the message was spread orally to Gentiles (non-Jews) and Jews Eventually, letters and other writings by the apostles and early Christian leaders, became the New Testament, the second part of the Christian Bible. Eventually, letters and other writings by the apostles and early Christian leaders, became the New Testament, the second part of the Christian Bible.

35. Roman Persecution Christian beliefs differed greatly from Roman beliefs. Christian beliefs differed greatly from Roman beliefs. Christians refused to worship Roman gods, and this was viewed as treason by the Romans. Christians refused to worship Roman gods, and this was viewed as treason by the Romans. Christians viewed worshipping other gods as a threat to their own salvation. Christians viewed worshipping other gods as a threat to their own salvation. During the reign of Nero, Christians were blamed for a massive fire, and many were tortured and murdered. During the reign of Nero, Christians were blamed for a massive fire, and many were tortured and murdered.

36. Roman Empire Adopts Christianity The Christian Church began creating a new structure where Clergy, or church leaders, took on different responsibilities than the Laity, or regular Church members. The Christian Church began creating a new structure where Clergy, or church leaders, took on different responsibilities than the Laity, or regular Church members. Why was it able to gain so many followers by the 2 nd and 3 rd centuries A.D.? Why was it able to gain so many followers by the 2 nd and 3 rd centuries A.D.?

37. Answers! 1) Christianity offered people personal salvation, instead of a religion that was for the good of Rome. 1) Christianity offered people personal salvation, instead of a religion that was for the good of Rome. 2) It was easy to relate to, as Jesus was a real person, and it did not require expensive initiation rights like other religions. 2) It was easy to relate to, as Jesus was a real person, and it did not require expensive initiation rights like other religions. 3) Christianity fulfilled the human desire to “Belong”. Christian communities worked together, assisted each other in times of need, and gave people that sense of belonging. 3) Christianity fulfilled the human desire to “Belong”. Christian communities worked together, assisted each other in times of need, and gave people that sense of belonging.

38. Growing more Diocletian, in the 3 rd century, was the last emperor to try to persecute Christian, but his efforts failed. Diocletian, in the 3 rd century, was the last emperor to try to persecute Christian, but his efforts failed. By the fourth Century, Constantine became the first Christian Emperor. He issued the Edict of Milan which promoted tolerance of Christianity. By the fourth Century, Constantine became the first Christian Emperor. He issued the Edict of Milan which promoted tolerance of Christianity. Theodosius the Great officially made Christianity the official religion of Rome. Theodosius the Great officially made Christianity the official religion of Rome.