2. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Prepared by Professors Paul Harris & Rita Perkins & Rita Perkins

3. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved. 2 n A sentence fragment is a group of words that is punctuated as a sentence but is not grammatically correct. n A sentence fragment may lack a subject, a verb, or an independent clause. –The wind velocity in hurricanes and monsoons. –The winds raging in hurricanes and monsoons.

4. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved. 3 n Locate the subject. n Locate the verb. –Inspires many poets and song writers. (This lacks a subject.) –The pleasant weather of May. (This lacks a verb.)

5. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved. 4 n Verb phrase: –To take advantage of sunlight in photography. n Prepositional phrase: –Within the eye of the hurricane.

6. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved. 5 n Noun phrase: –Various theories for weather forecasting. n Appositive phrase: –One popular weather topic, el Nino. 

7. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved. 6 n A clause that begins with a subordinator (or dependent word) is a dependent clause. n These examples are not independent clauses. If a tornado sweeps across the plains.If a tornado sweeps across the plains. Because snow is beautiful in the moonlight.Because snow is beautiful in the moonlight.

8. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved. 7 n Look for relative pronouns. n Relative pronouns introduce clauses that modify nouns or pronouns (who, which, that). –The instructor who argued against class cancellations for snow. n Revised:The instructor who argued against class cancellations for snow was very unrealistic.

9. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved. 8 n Although relative clause fragments have both a subject and a verb, they cannot stand alone. –Bob who intends to buy a small tractor and a plow. n Revised: Bob, who intends to buy a small tractor and a plow, thinks he will earn money removing snow this winter.

10. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved. 9 n Combine the fragment with the sentence that precedes it or with the sentence that follows it. –Dramatic weather conditions do not always cause disasters. But at times create beautiful situations as well. –Correction: Dramatic weather conditions do not always cause disasters but at times create beautiful situations.

11. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved. 10 n The jet stream can pull cold air down from Canada. Or bring warm air up from Mexico. n The jet stream can pull cold air down from Canada or bring warm air up from Mexico.

12. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved. 11 n Dependent clause fragments begin with a subordinating conjunction (because, since, before). n Although air traffic controllers regulate flight patterns. –Corrected: Although air traffic controllers regulate traffic patterns, they cannot control the weather.

13. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved. 12 n Be aware of situations that can lead to sentence fragments. –Examine a sentence that begins with a subordinating word. Because hail fell on the peach blossoms.Because hail fell on the peach blossoms. –Carefully select transitional words or phrases which introduce examples or a list. For example, floods, hurricanes, and tornadoes.For example, floods, hurricanes, and tornadoes.

14. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved. 13 Decide whether each sentence group is a correct sentence or if it is a sentence fragment. My Aunt Marie being a good cook cook. Fragment

15. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved. 14 Decide whether each sentence group is a correct sentence or if it is a sentence fragment. She can spend hours reading a cook book. Correct

16. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved. 15 Decide whether each sentence group is a correct sentence or if it is a sentence fragment. Although she says that she says that she doesn’t doesn’t like to read. Fragment

17. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved. 16 Decide whether each sentence group is a correct sentence or if it is a sentence fragment. Special desserts such as pecan pies, chocolate cheesecakes, and pumpkin cake roll. Fragment

18. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved. 17 Decide whether each sentence group is a correct sentence or if it is a sentence fragment. Aunt Marie’s desserts are not for those who are watching their diet. Correct

19. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved. 18 Decide whether each sentence group is a correct sentence or if it is a sentence fragment. Filled with cream and sugar, these delicacies contain hundreds of calories. Correct

20. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved. 19 Decide whether each sentence group is a correct sentence or if it is a sentence fragment. It often seems that any food item that tastes good is fattening. Correct

21. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved. 20 Decide whether each sentence group is a correct sentence or if it is a sentence fragment. For example, ice cream and chocolate cake. Fragment

22. McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.All rights reserved. 21AnyQuestions?