1. SoftwareTest Organisation TESTTORG The role of testing in the software life cycle Verification and Validation Goals of Testing Test work distribution Test Responsibilities The Developer as a Tester The End User as a Tester The Analyst as a Tester The Tester in the Team The internal Test Team The external Test Factory Test Responsibility in small projects 1 2 5 6 4 3 7 8 9 Test Responsibility in a middle sized project Test Responsibility in a large project One Level Test Organization Two Level Test Organization Three Level Test Organization Four Level Test Organization n im GEOS Test Environment Test Activities Testing semantic levels against each other Test Principles The Test Equation The Test Project 13 14 17 18 16 15 19 20 21 1022 1123 1224

2. The Role of Testing in the Software Life Cycle TESTTORG-1 Project Request Code Docu. System test Integra- tion test Requ analysis System design Module test Module design CodingDebugging Code System Test docu. Integration Test docu Module Test docu. Requ docu Design docu. Module specs. Data-based Test cases Code-based Test cases Requ-based Test cases

3. Verification und Validation TESTTORG-2 Problem Requirements Specification Solution FormContent Structural analysis Funktional analysis Actual Construction = specified Construction Actual performance = required Performance Verification Validation Verification = the System is true, i.e. The System was made right Validation = the System fits the purpose The right system was made.

4. Goals of Testing TESTTORG-3 Testing is the empirical approach to finding defects in a software system. Testing has two major goals: to find defects before the user does to gain trust in the system The attainment of the first goal can only be measured in terms of the number of defects found relative to the number of defects in the system. The attainment of the second goal can be measured in terms of the test coverage, the higher the test coverage, the greater the trust in the system. These two questions give way to two further questions: how many defects does a system have? what should be covered in a system? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

5. Test Work Distribution TESTTORG-4 Integration Test (Grey Box) System Test (Black Box) Unit Test (White Box) Components System Developer Tester Developer/Tester Team Procedures, Modules, Subroutines, Classes Units Packages, Interfaces, Files/Tables Subsystems User Interfaces System Interfaces, Databases

6. Test Responsibilities TESTTORG-5 Potential Candidates The Developers themselves The Users The Analysts The Tester in the Team An internal Test Team An external Test Lab

7. The Developer as a Tester TESTTORG-6 Self Control DeveloperController Shiciophronia Alternative: Pair Programming = Mutual control

8. The End User as Tester TESTTORG-7 Test data Development Team User Department or User Representative Test Results Live Data Data Samples

9. The Analyst as a Tester TESTTORG-8 User Department Analyst Development Team Test Data Test Specification Test Documentation Requirement Docu Test Objects

10. The Tester in the Team TESTTORG-9 Project Leader Developer System Architect Tester Integrated Tester

11. The Internal Test Team TESTTORG-10 Project Office Developer Team Developer Team Developer Team Test Team Design Team Anforderungen Test Results

12. The external Test Lab TESTTORG-11 Code Components Code Components Code Components Error Reports Developers develop and test their Components Testers integrate components and test the System

13. Test Responsibility in a small Project TESTTORG-12 Developer as Tester Module System

14. Test Responsibility in a middle sized Project TESTTORG-13 Developer Modules Developer Modules Developer Modules Developer Modules Tester In the Team System

15. Test Responsibility in a large Project TESTTORG-14 Development Team Components Development Team Components Development Team Components Development Team Components System Test Team

16. One Level Test Organization TESTTORG-15 Developers and Testers are together in one Team The developers code and the testers test.

17. Two Level Test Organization TESTTORG-16 Components Requirement Specs Error Reports Technical Test Cases Analyst s and Users System Test Developers Unit Test & Integration Test

18. Three Level Test Organization TESTTORG-17 Analysts Technical Test Cases Error Reports Requirement Specs Error Reports Test Docus Logical Test Cases Components Developers Unit Test & Integration Test Testers Integration Test & System Test

19. System Design 4-Layer GEOS Project Organization Code Components System Test Cases Requirements implemented by implements 1 n n 1 1 n n 1 1 n n 1 n 1 1 n Teststested_by Teststested by stated implied derived Analysts Designers Developers Testers Four Level Test Organization TESTTORG-18

20. Test Environment TESTTORG-19 Test strategy Acceptance Test Test methods System test Test Procedures Test Tools Integration test Unit test Batch Online Distributed Internet Test Process Test Environments Test Levels

21. Test Activities TESTTORG-20 Test Evaluation Test Execution Test Documentation Test Planning Interconnection between test activities  Test planning  Test execution  Test evaluation  Test documentation

22. Testing semantic Software Levels against each other TESTTORG-21 D: DesignC: CodeR: Requirements Ist Soll R/D D/C C/C D/DR/R R/C In the Unit Test the Code (C) is compared with the Design (D). In the Integration Test the Design (D) is compared with the Requirements. In the System Test the Code (C) is checked against the Requirements (R). System Test Unit TestIntegration Test

23. Test Principles TESTTORG-22 Principle of Decomposition:  The whole is tested by testing all the parts and all relationships between the parts. Principle of Repetition:  Every test must be repeatable. Principle of Measurability:  Software behavior must be measurable on a numeric scale Principle of Infinity:  An infinite test is not a valid test. Principle of Functional completeness:  Every Function in a System has a purpose and must be tested against that purpose. Principle of Redundancy:  A redundant test case adds no value to the test Principle of Test Environment:  The environment of a system ist part of the system test.

24. The Test Equation TESTTORG-23 = Test Strategy + Test Method + Test Tools + Test Organisation + Test Audit Without a Strategy a test is not oriented. Without a Method the test is not effective. Without a Tool the test is not efficient. Without an organization the test is not controllable. Without an audit the test is not reliable.

25. The Testprojekt TESTTORG-24 Requirements analysis Business Modelling Requirement Specification Test Project Development Project Software Parallel Projects Test Design Test Specification Test Preparation Test Execution Test Evaluation