1. TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 Internet and Mobile Networks It’s about the people and a little bit about the technologies Timo Ali-Vehmas timo.ali-vehmas@Nokia.com

2. TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 2 Flow Introduction Intuition Case1Case2 Example1Example2 Observations Introduction Intuition Case1Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations

3. TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 3 What is Really New ? There have been only very few major discontinuities in the history of information processing and distribution 1.Genetic information process2000 000 000..4000 000 000 years ago 2.Non Voice process500 000 000…1000 000 000 years ago 3.Voice based process300 000 000 years ago 4.Speech based process1 000 000 years ago 5.Process based on Writing 10 000 years ago 6.Process based on Printing 500 years ago 7.Process based on p2p TeleCommunications150 years ago 8.Process based on MassCommunications100 years ago 9.Process based on Unlimited Connectivity less than10 years ago Introduction Intuition Case1Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations

4. TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 4 Observations….  Social interactions of the people are the driving the use of information processing and communications  For the first time in the history, we have a platform, which can extend the face to face social interactions over the globe, in practice uncompromised, Supporting the power law distribution of links between people.  Separation of technology (connectivity) and social interaction (functional)  Mobility is one of the main elements of post-modern society 10 Introduction Intuition Case1Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations

5. TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 5 Long Waves of History  Centralized and Distributed  Double Helix Ref. Mark Gaynor Jarkko Vesa Local Telephone Companies A Bell National PTTs AT&T PBX AT&T Nortel Centrex Nortel Siemens Internet VoiP, Skype IP PBX, Cisco, Lucent, Siemens,NEC... Google Talk Mobile VoIP Standardize Differentiate Introduction Intuition Case1Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations

6. TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 6 What is What ?  Innovation and Differentiation  Utility, Value  Applications  Value  Social networks  Reed  Interconnection  More the same  Business networks  Metcalfe  System model  Centralized, on System component level, System design of devices  Performance and cost  Utilization of standard components  Standardization  Value Capture, Cost  Applications  Social Compatibility  Application, Technology Service Diffusion  Dominant design  Interconnection  Inter business system compatibility  Global compatibility of services  System model  Centralized on system level  Intra System Compatibility  Multi vendor  Performance cost Introduction Intuition Case1Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations

7. TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 7 How to define a System ?  System (= Dependencies)  Input/Processing/Output  SISO model  Complex System  MIMO  Pan-Causality  Perception is Reality  Clock Cycle based System identification  Standardization, a system between regulation and commercial operations Ref Heikki Hyötyniemi Kybernetiikan Alkeet Introduction Intuition Case1Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations

8. TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 8 Some Characteristics of the Internet and Mobile Systems Internet  Applications  End to End between peers  Individual innovation  Interconnection  Common protocol set  Peering, Volume based  System model  Flat horizontal “dumb” network  Low value, Low cost  Simple but efficient transport  Mainly best effort (Good enough)  Regulative requirements  Low  Standardization  Strong de Facto models (IETF, W3C, IEEE,..)  Approved directly or indirectly later by some SDO’s (ANSI, ITU.....)  Applications and Protocols stand-alone or as part of products and components Mobile networks  Applications  Centralized (Core Network) control  Centralized standardized innovation  Interconnection  Dedicated interconnection protocols  Clearing house, Value based  System model  Vertical, application sensitive network  High value of guaranteed service  High complexity and cost  Guaranteed level of Service  Regulative requirements  Quite strong  Standardization  National and regional SDO’s (ETSI, ANSI, ARIB, ETRI, ITU) delegating power to  International projects, (3GPP, 3GPP2, OMA,..)  Interworking Systems, Systems and Compatible products and services Introduction Intuition Case1Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations

9. TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 9 Focus on Mobile Standardization  Applications based exiting non-mobile applications  Mobile specific applications technologies  WAP Forum, Wireless Village, Liberty Alliance,..  OMA consolidating and further developing application related technologies for Mobile domain  Device Management, Browsing, Push Over Cellular, Location...  Mobile operators’ proprietary Innovation  I-Mode, Vodafone Live,...  Interconnection standardization has a long history  ITU recommendations, SS7, E164,...  Mobile system specific Interconnection based on the experience of GSM MAP/CAMEL  3GPP and 3GPP2 maintain and develop further mobile domain specific protocols  System modules, Vertically optimized Radio and Network technologies for 100% Compatibility  3GPP  Core network evolution, Circuit core, GPRS, IMS  GSM, GERAN (EDGE) evolution, almost completed  WCDMA, UTRAN evolution, gaining strength, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+  OFDMA Packet only technology emerging, LTE  3GPP2  Core network evolution, Circuit core, PDSN/PDGN, IMS  CDMA2000 evolution based on the narrow band CDMA (originally IS-95)  CDMA2000 DO packet optimized radio  CDMA2000 Long term evolution just emerging Introduction Intuition Case1Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations

10. TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 10 Focus on Internet Standardization  Applications based on open technologies but a lot of proprietary extensions  Basic application technologies  W3C, Web 2.0, XML, HTML,  IETF, POP, IMAP,  Utilized by Individual innovation, Proprietary specifications  Skype, Microsoft, Cisco,...  Open source implementation challenge  IBM, RedHat, MontaVista,...Mozilla, Apache,...  Interconnection based on the open IETF protocols with semi-open extension  TCP/IP is the corner stone  IPv4 and IPv6, Mobile IP  Tunneling, Low Intelligence in the Network  Routing, MPLS  Security  System modules, Transparent Radio technologies from IEEE with semi-open extensions  IEEE802Industry Forums .11WLAN, WiFi .15UWB .16WiMax .21Interworking Introduction Intuition Case1Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations

11. TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 11 Stories of technology leveraging, IMS  IMS, Internet Multimedia Subsystem  3GPP initiative to allow significant net services to evolve in the mobile operators’ networks  Collaboration of IETF and 3GPP (Technology leveraging of SIP technologies)  Transport and Access independent service system  Interworking with the legacy  Control functions of all the IMS services  VoIP.. CoIP  Online services, Games  Group services, Chat, presence  Access independence  WCDMA  CDMA2000  WLAN  WIMAX  DSL Introduction Intuition Case1Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations

12. TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 12 IMS Adoption status  IMS idea is adopted broadly  IMS has many names  IMS business is now emerging  IMS maintains the mobile operators’ value chain model Introduction Intuition Case1Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations

13. TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 13 Stories of technology leveraging, UMA  Unlicensed Mobile Access  Initiative in 3GPP to support Mobile operators’ customers where the cellular network is not competitive  Collaboration of 3GPP and IEEE  Tunneling though WLAN and BT access  Improved coverage  Service continuation  Cost savings for the operator !  Cost savings for the end user ?  Single terminal  Application portability  Terminal services  Operator services  UMA Follows and Mobile operators’ value system model  Access to Internet ? Introduction Intuition Case1Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations

14. TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 14 Stories of technology leveraging, Skype  Skype to work in the 3G networks of 3 and ePlus  Standard 3G GPRS Packet bearer  Flat rate charging model ?  Community Compatibility  Transparent 3G network  Skype on Mobile networks follow the Internet model Introduction Intuition Case1Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations

15. TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 15 Convergence start with Technology  Technology itself is neutral  Competition based on the laws of physics  Competition based on the regulative acceptance (spectrum..)  Competition based on the adoption by standardization bodies  Competition based on the adoption by value systems  Competition based on the adoption of operators within value systems  Competition based on the adoption of the end users  Competition based on the inter-working  Competition based on the price ( cost ) of the primary service  Competition based on the innovation and re-use   Good Ideas and Technologies will be re-used Introduction Intuition Case1Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations Ref Rogers

16. TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 16 Consolidating, Converging, Diverging  Technology is neutral  Technologies may be developed further forever  Value systems converge and merge and emerge, based on the factors that are much broader and deeper than just technologies  Regulation should be neutral for between value systems  Between value systems there is little need for compatibility anyway  Regulation should not be neutral inside each value system  Harmonization of technologies for each purpose is needed  Competition between technologies in the same value system does not provide added value for the end user but increases costs of the vendors and operators  Competition between operators and technologies (vendors) may increase innovation  Standardization is value system sensitive  Driven by people  Driven by companies  Driven by value system players Introduction Intuition Case1Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations

17. TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 17 Richness of the End User Experience

18. TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 18 Success of Innovation – Failure of Standardization or Regulation ? Radio Convergence  First it was only GSM 900  Then it became GSM900/1800 and later 1900  IMT2000 family was launched but it included  UMTS (WCDMA, GERAN, TDSCDMA), UWC136, DECT, CDMA2000,..  All evolution  ITU Stamp  Internet radio’s  WLAN  WIMAX .20  Cable replacement  Bluetooth  UWB  Broadcast  DVBH  MBMS  Media FLO Introduction Intuition Case1Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations

19. TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 19 Some Observations  Traditional Internet and Mobile service will be available through many Value Systems, isolated “pipes”  Each value system includes internal and external competitive elements  Compatibility is crucial within each value system  Value systems gain and loose when merging together  Do not look at the symptoms only, Look at the deep structures  Value is created by Innovation but innovation leads to fragmentation  Value can be made better usable, utility is increased, by standardization  Harmonized solutions (technologies) add value only when directly visible to the end users  Unharmonized solutions (technologies) reduce value when applied within one value system  Unharmonized solutions (technologies) are natural in different value systems due to different regulative and end user requirements Introduction Intuition Case1Case2 Example1 Example2 Observations

20. TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 20 "Whoever in debate quotes authority uses not intellect, but memory." (Leonardo Da Vinci)

21. TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006 21 References Nadvi/Wältring  http://inef.uni-due.de/page/documents/report58.pdf http://inef.uni-due.de/page/documents/report58.pdf Kauffman et al  http://misrc.umn.edu/workshops/2003/fall/Angsana_102403.pdf http://misrc.umn.edu/workshops/2003/fall/Angsana_102403.pdf Park  http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2004/295/SIM_tprc.pdf http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2004/295/SIM_tprc.pdf Allen  http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/abs_free.jsp?arNumber=968564 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/abs_free.jsp?arNumber=968564 Vesa  http://www.irma-international.org/irmpress/details.asp?id=4583 http://www.irma-international.org/irmpress/details.asp?id=4583 Gaynor  http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0471214752/qid=1042595511/sr=8-1/ref=sr_8_1/104-1146750- 5826346?n=507846&s=books&v=glance http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0471214752/qid=1042595511/sr=8-1/ref=sr_8_1/104-1146750- 5826346?n=507846&s=books&v=glance Hyötyniemi  http://www.control.hut.fi/Kurssit/AS-74.4192/ http://www.control.hut.fi/Kurssit/AS-74.4192/ Rogers  http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0029266718/102-1430326-1391347?v=glance&n=283155 http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0029266718/102-1430326-1391347?v=glance&n=283155