1. 12-1 Nervous System Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Brain Nerves Ganglia Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Central nervous system (CNS) Spinal cord Figure 12.1

2. 12-2 Functional Classes of Neurons Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 2 3 Peripheral nervous systemCentral nervous system Sensory (afferent) neurons conduct signals from receptors to the CNS. Motor (efferent) neurons conduct signals from the CNS to effectors such as muscles and glands. Interneurons (association neurons) are confined to the CNS. Figure 12.3

3. 14-3 Embryonic Brain Development Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Diencephalon Mesencephalon Telencephalon Forebrain Pons Cerebellum Metencephalon Spinal cord Hindbrain Telencephalon Optic vesicle Diencephalon Metencephalon Myelencephalon Spinal cord Rhombencephalon Mesencephalon Prosencephalon (a) 4 weeks(b) 5 weeks (c) Fully developed Midbrain Myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) Figure 14.4 leaves Neural groove Neural fold (b) 20 days (d) 26 days Neural crest Neural crest Neural tube

4. 14-4 Brain Ventricles Figure 14.6 a-b Lateral ventricles Fourth ventricle Third ventricle (a) Lateral view Lateral ventricle Third ventricle Fourth ventricle

5. Ventricles Lateral Third Fourth 14-5

6. Directional Terms and Landmarks 14-6 Brainstem Cerebellum Cerebrum Spinal cord RostralCaudal (b) Lateral view Gyri and Sulci

7. Gray Matter and White Matter 14-7

8. Cerebrum 14-8

9. Cerebrum-Frontal Lobe 14-9

10. Cerebrum-Parietal Lobe 14-10

11. Cerebrum-Occipital Lobe 14-11

12. Cerebrum-Temporal Lobe 14-12

13. 14-13 Sensory and Motor areas Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. leaves Precentral gyrus AnteriorPosterior Auditory cortex Postcentral gyrus Primary visual cortex Broca area Figure 14.25

14. 14-14 Limbic System Basal nuclei Temporal lobe Fornix Hippocampus Corpus callosum Cingulate gyrus Thalamic nuclei

15. Cerebellum 14-15

16. Brainstem 14-16 diencephalon midbrain pons medulla oblongata 14-16

17. Diencephalon 14-17 Thalamus Hypothalamus

18. Pituitary Gland 14-18

19. Pineal Gland 14-19