1. Title Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 16 Image Slides

2. Fig. 16.1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1. Kidneys produce urine. 2. Ureters transport urine. 3. Urinary bladder stores urine. 4. Urethra passes urine to outside. renal artery renal vein aorta inferior vena cava

3. Fig. 16.2 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. brain parasympathetic fibers (involuntary) somatic nerve (voluntary) urinary bladder orifice of ureter internal sphincter external sphincter urethra

4. renal artery renal vein Fig. 16.3a Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. a. Blood vessels

5. Fig. 16.3b renal cortex renal medulla b. Nephrons nephrons collecting duct Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

6. Fig. 16.3c Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. renal pyramid In renal medulla renal cortex c. Renal pelvis, medulla, and cortex ureter renal pelvis

7. Fig. 16.4 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. glomerulus collecting duct Renal Cortex glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule) proximal convoluted tubule distal convoluted tubule venule peritubular capillary network descending limb Loop of the nephron (loop of Henle) ascending limb renalvein renal artery afferent arteriole efferent arteriole Renal Medulla a. A nephron and its blood supply

8. Fig. 16.5 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. glucose salts glomerulus proximal convoluted tubule glomerular capsule H2OH2O urea amino acids uric acid efferent arteriole afferent arteriole Distal convoluted tubule renal artery renal vein venule collecting duct peritubular capillary network H 2 O urea uric acid salts NH 4 + creatinine loop of the nephron Tubular Reabsorption Nutrient and salt molecules are actively reabsorbed from the convoluted tubules into the peritubular capillary network, and water flows passively. Tubular Secretion Certain molecules (e.g., H + and penicillin) are actively secreted from the peritubular capillary network into the convoluted tubules. Glomerular Filtration Water, salts, nutrient molecules, and waste molecules move from the glomerulus to the inside of the glomerular capsule. These small molecules are called the glomerular filtrate.

9. Table 16.1

10. glomerulus podocyte afferent arteriole proximal convoluted tubule juxtaglomerular apparatus distal convoluted tubule glomerular capsule efferent arteriole Fig. 16.6a Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

11. Fig. 16.6 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. glomerulus podocyte afferent arteriole proximal convoluted tubule juxtaglomerular apparatus distal convoluted tubule glomerular capsule efferent arteriole

12. Fig. 16.7 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Increasing solute concentration in renal medulla Renal cortex Outer medulla descending limb ascending limb Inner medulla collecting duct loop of the nephron H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O urea NaCl

13. Page 308 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. H 2 CO 3 H 2 O + CO 2 H + + HCO 3 –

14. Fig. 16.8 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. HCO 3  NH 4 + H+H+ capillary kidney tubule H + + NH 3 + HCO 3 

15. Fig. 16.9 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. pump blood semipermeable tubing dialysate flow blood flow dialysate used dialysate (contains urea and excess salts) fresh dialysate

16. Fig. 16.10a Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. uterus bone female rectum kidney ureter bladder urethra vagina

17. Fig. 16.10b Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. male bone kidney ureter bladder rectum prostate gland urethra penis

18. Fig. 16.10 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. male uterus bone female rectum kidney ureter bladder rectum prostate gland urethra vagina urethra penis

19. Page 312 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

20. Page 312 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. a. b. c. d. f. g. h. e.

21. Page 312 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. b. d. a. c.