1. 8 th Grade Science Unit 7: Changes in the Earth Lesson 2: Global Warming – Who Moved the Carbon? Vocabulary of Instruction

2. 1. Acid Rain Rain that has a pH lower than 7 because it contains nitric and sulfuric acids and other air pollutants dissolved in it.

3. 2. Emissions Substances discharged into the air, especially by internal combustion engines (airplanes, cars, and factories) due to the burning of fossil fuels.

4. Yearly increase of atmospheric CO2. In the 1960’s, the average annual increase was 37% the 2000-2007 average.

5. Main symptoms of Carbon Dioxide toxicity in Humans

6. 3. Equilibrium State of natural balance within a community of organisms in which ecosystem diversity remain relatively stable. In some environments, succession reaches a climax, producing a stable community dominated by a small number of prominent species. climaxstable community climaxstable community

7. Aquatic Ecosystem (Food Web) in Equilibrium

8. (1) a climax forest (2) destroyed by wildfire and (3 and 4) its eventual recovery. Secondary succession occurs in an area where life once existed but has then been destroyed.

9. 4. Fertilizer Runoff Fertilizers include natural (animal manure) and synthetic materials (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compounds) that are spread on or worked into soil to increase its capacity to support plant growth. Runoff of soil and fertilizer is common during a rain storm which end up in rivers, lakes, and oceans.

10. Old and Modern Fertilizer Spreader

11. Decomposing animal manure, an organic fertilizer source

12. 5. Global Warming The increase of greenhouse gas concentration (mainly carbon dioxide) that led to a substantial warming (increase in the average atmospheric temperature) of the earth and the sea that causes corresponding changes in the climate.

13. Average Temperature Increase

14. From which sectors do the major greenhouse gas emissions come from? The lower part of the picture shows the sources individually for the gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, respectively.

15. 6. Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect is caused by an atmosphere containing gases that absorb and emit infrared heat radiation, due to its absorption by atmospheric carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, and other gases.

16. Real Greenhouses used to grow plants under controlled conditions

17. 7. Ozone Depletion The destruction of the protective layer of ozone in the upper atmosphere by chemical pollution. It is attributed to the presence of chlorine from manmade Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) and other forces. The layer is thinning because ozone is being destroyed at a faster rate than it is being regenerated by natural forces.

18. Ozone Depletion Causes and Effects The blue and purple colors are where there is the least ozone, and the greens, yellows, and reds are where there is more ozone.

20. Ozone Depletion Effects