1. Chapter 12 Elements and Their Properties

2. Objectives 12.1 Describe the properties of a typical metal
12.1 Identify the alkali and alkaline earth metals
12.1 Differentiate between three groups of transition elements

3. Minor Objectives
12.2 Distinguish among elements classified as lanthanides, actinides, and transuranium elements
12.2 Determine the uses of transuranium elements
12.2 Compare the pros and cons of making new elements

4. Objectives 12.3 Recognize hydrogen as a nonmetal
12.3 Compare and contrast properties of halogens
12.3 Describe properties and uses of noble gases

5. Objectives 12.4 Distinguish among metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
12.4 Describe the nature of allotropes
12.4 Recognize the significance of differences in crystal structure in carbon

6. Metallic Bonding Name 4 Characteristics of a Metallic Bond.
What is a Metallic Bond?
- A metallic bond occurs in metals. A metal consists of positive ions surrounded by a “sea” of mobile electrons.
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Great strength
Malleable and Ductile
Luster
This shows what a metallic bond might look like.

7. Definition of Words
Malleable: Bendable, can be hammered to be thinner or rolled up in sheets
Ductile: Stretchable, can be pulled apart like laffy taffy
Luster: Reflects light, looks shiny

8. Alkali Metals Highly Reactive, not found in nature by themselves
First column (one word)
Highly Reactive, not found in nature by themselves
React with Water
Lose 1 Electron

9. Alkaline Earth Metals
Second Column (Two words)
Some are found in nature by themselves (Top of column) such as Magnesium
Not as reactive as the Alkali Metals
Lose Two electrons
Calcium: Bones
Magnesium: Muscles (as well as bones)

11. Transition Metals
Less reactive than other metals to left.
General Rule for metals is closer to bottom left, more reactive
Important sections include Iron Triad, Coinage Metals

12. Iron Triad Iron, Cobalt, Nickel
Only common metals known to create a magnetic field
Iron second most abundant element among metals in crust
Aluminum is first

13. Coinage Metals Copper, Silver, Gold
Very unreactive, which leads to be being able to be used as money
These also are the best conductors out of all the metals
Silver > Copper > Gold
Silver plays role also in photography

14. Other notables
Zinc and Cadmium: Used to coat other metals for protection from rust (They do rust, but maintain good strength)
Mercury: Liquid metal at room temperature, poisonous

15. Metals in the Crust Oxygen 47% Silicon 28% Aluminum 8% Iron 5%
Calcium 3.6%
Sodium 2.8%
Potassium 2.6%
Magnesium 2.1%

16. 12 -2 Transuranium Elements
Uranium is largest atom that exists naturally (92 Protons)
Elements beyond Uranium are synthetic (made in laboratory)
Smash elements together at super speeds to collide and hopefully fuse
Is it worth it? They hope so, you may disagree.

17. 12-3 Non-Metals Properties of Non-Metals Dull, Brittle, Powdery
Non-Metals alone tend to be gases at room temperature
Tightly Held Electrons
Can form ionic or covalent bonds

18. Hydrogen
Most abundant element in universe (75 – 90%) depending on what you read
Number continues to drop… via fusion
A non-metal which tends to be fairly reactive (flammable, central to the role of acid/base)
Diatomic
Di means 2 atoms. Hydrogen Gas means 2 Hydrogens bound
Dr. HOFBrINCl (all of the diatomic)

19. Halogens “Salt Makers” Have 7 valence electrons, exist diatomically
Very reactive (Flourine most)
Uses include: Etching glass, cleaning pools, keeping water safe, dyes (including lipstick), and warfare

20. Noble Gases
Name comes from nobles not hanging out with the common folk.
Full outer shell. Inert (Unreactive)
Used in locations of high heat, light bulbs, blimps, storage of reactive elements

21. Boron’s Column Many are semiconductors (used by computers)
Aluminum is used all over the place (most abundant metal in crust)
Boron used in eyewash (boric acid) and water softeners

22. Carbon Group
Carbon: Basis of organic life (the definition of organic – does it have carbon?)
Allotropes – Same element, different molecular structures
Carbon has many – graphite, diamond, fullerenes, coal
Silicon – Sand component
Lead – poisonous, used in ancient rome/paints

23. Nitrogen’s Group Nitrogen makes up 80% of atmosphere
Nitrogen – needed by plants (not in gas form, nitrates) as fertilizer
Phosphorus – Matches (as well as fertilizer)
Allotropes – Red and White matches

24. Oxygen’s Group Similar properties to halogens Oxygen 20% of atmosphere
Allotropes – oxygen and ozone
Sulfur – Used in paints (pigments) and battery acid (Sulfuric acid)