1. The Pacific Theater Chapter 19 Section 2-4

2. Fall of the Philippines Japanese attack US controlled Philippines December 7, 1941 – same day as Pearl Harbor US and Filipino forces retreat to the Bataan Peninsula Lack of supplies and disease hurt the troops April 9, 1942 – US and Filipino forces surrender to the Japanese They begin the Bataan Death March Bataan Death March – 78,000 POW’s forced to march 65 miles to a Japanese prison camp Thousands die on this march

3. The Doolittle Raid FDR wants to bomb Tokyo Payback for Pearl Harbor, raise US morale James Doolittle commands the mission Aircraft carriers had to bring long range bombers close enough to bomb Tokyo After bombing Tokyo the B-25 bombers had to land in China b/c they were too big to land on the aircraft carriers April 18, 1942 – US bombs fall on Japan for the first time!

4. Yamamoto’s Plan Yamamoto – commander of the Japanese naval fleet Wants to attack Midway Island – last US base in North Pacific, west of Hawaii Yamamoto b/l by attacking Midway he would lure the US fleet into battle and that would allow him to destroy the remaining American fleet, but… US know about Japanese plan to attack Midway b/c we had already broken Japanese code

5. Battle of Midway (June 1942) Japanese launch aircraft against Midway, but they are heading into an ambush Broken code – we know they are coming! The Japanese planes run into anti-aircraft fire and 38 of their planes will be shot down US then launches a counter attack US sinks 4 Japanese aircraft carriers Yamamoto is forced to order a retreat!

6. A Turning Point!!! Battle of Midway was a turning point in the Pacific Theater of WWII The Japanese lost 4 of its largest aircraft carriers The heart of their naval fleet! Only 6 months after Pearl Harbor the US had stopped Japanese advancement in the Pacific!!!

7. Two-Pronged Plan Island Hopping to Japan Hop from one island to the next and take control of the island Each island taken gets the Allies closer to the mainland of Japan Led by Admiral Nimitz Retake the Philippines Douglas MacArthur would launch an invasion to retake the Philippines

8. Retaking the Philippines Invasion of Guadalcanal August 1942 – take the airfield Retaking the Philippines October 1944 – US assembles a huge invasion Battle of Leyte Gulf – largest naval battle in history 1 st time Japanese use kamikaze attacks Kamikaze – “divine wind” – pilots deliberatly crash their planes into US ships killing themselves, but inflicting severe damage all at the same time

9. Iwo Jima (Feb. 1945) US attack on Japanese island of Iwo Jima We take control of the island 6 marines raise the flag on Mt. Suribachi Estimated 28,000 men died at Iwo Jima More than 6,800 US soldiers died Of the 22,000 Japanese soldiers, only 1083 survived Iwo Jima

10. US Marines raising the flag at Iwo Jima

11. Firebombing in Japan (March 1945) US B-29 bombers drop bombs filled w/ napalm on Japanese cities Napalm – jellied gasoline – starts fires when bomb explodes Very controversial b/c it would kill Japanese civilians, but it was the quickest way to destroy Japan’s war production In Tokyo alone firebombing killed over 80,000 people and destroyed more than 250,000 buildings US firebombed 67 Japanese cities by the end of WWII

12. Okinawa (April 1945) US assault on Japanese island of Okinawa Largest amphibious assault in the Pacific campaign in WWII More than 12,000 US soldiers died Estimated over 100,000 Japanese soldiers died Estimated 125,000 Japanese civilian lives lost

13. Battle of Okinawa

14. Potsdam Conference (July 1945) FDR died in April 1945, Truman now president Truman meets Stalin at Potsdam, near Berlin Issues at the conference… Truman demands free elections throughout Eastern Europe Stalin refuses this b/c he b/l any elected govt. would be an anti-Soviet govt. and hostile to the Soviets Stalin wants military security He wants communism to spread in Eastern Europe

15. Dropping the Atomic Bomb Manhattan Project – codename for building the atomic bomb Why drop the bomb? To save US lives – Truman knew there would be huge casualties if we invaded Japan Truman b/l it was his duty to save as many US lives as possible

16. Bomb Dropped! Hiroshima – August 6, 1945 B-29 bomber named the “Enola Gay” dropped the 1 st atomic bomb named “Little Boy” on Hiroshima B/w 80,000 and 120,000 people died instantly and thousands more died later from radiation Nagasaki – August 9, 1945 US dropped the 2 nd atomic bomb name “Fat Man” on Nagasaki B/w 35,000 and 75,000 people died instantly and more died later from radiation

17. Images of the A-Bomb

18. Mushroom Cloud from “Fat Man”

19. Building located miles from bomb site

20. Japanese Surrender! Emperor Hirohito forced the Japanese military leaders to surrender Japan surrendered August 14, 1945 V-J Day – August 15, 1945 Victory in Japan Day WWII is finally over!!!

21. Cost of WWII Total war casualties… Estimated 17 million died in battle Estimated 20 million civilians died Estimated 6 million Jews died 9-10 million other “undesirables” died Some place the total number of lives lost around 50 million

22. Enemy on Trial International Military Tribunal – organized by the US, Britain, France, and the Soviets Bring trials of war criminals Nuremburg Trials German leaders suspected of committing war crimes are put on trial Similar trials were held in Tokyo for wartime Japan leaders The emperor was not indicted for fear of an uprising

23. Post WWII World United Nations is created – peace keeping organization Each member has a representative w/ one vote Each Allied country has a permanent seat on the Security Council of 11 members Allied countries have a veto power After WWII peace was not achieved The Cold War b/g virtually b/f WWII ends Cold War was mainly political tensions that lasted until the 1990’s

24. The New Struggle Cold War with USSR US is worried that Soviets are trying to spread communism around world and threaten US govt. Soviets b/g to see US foreign policy as a threat to their communist govt. Winston Churchill said… An “iron curtain...(had)…descended across the continent…” dividing Europe into two hostile camps Stalin said Churchill’s speech was “…a call to war with the Soviet Union…”