2. 1

3. 2 Definition Division of labour (or specialisation 專門化 ) takes place when a worker specialises 專門 in producing a good or a part 部分 of a good.

4. 3 Types of division of labour §Simple 簡單 division of labour A person specialises in producing a particular 一類 product or service.

5. 4 Examples Doctor 醫生 Farmer 農夫 Mechanic 技工 Cashier 收銀員

6. 5 Types of division of labour §Complex 複雜 division of labour A person specialises in a sub-process 過程 中的其中一個環節 of the production of a good. §Simple division of labour

7. 6 Example: Building 建築 a house Designing 設計

8. 7 Example: Building a house Designing Monitoring 監督

9. 8 Example: Building a house Designing Monitoring Transporting 運輸

10. 9 Example: Building a house Designing MonitoringTransporting Constructing 建築

11. 10 Example: Building a house Designing MonitoringTransportingConstructing Decorating 裝修

12. 11 Example: Building a house Designing MonitoringTransportingConstructingDecorating

13. 12 Types of division of labour §Simple division of labour §Complex division of labour §Regional 地區 or international 國際 division of labour: Different 不同 countries 國家 or regions specialise in the production of different products according 按 to the resources that they have.

14. 13 Examples U.S.A. 美國 specialises in the production of computers.

15. 14 Japan 日本 specialises in the production of hi-tech 高科 技 products. Examples

16. 15 Malaysia 馬來西亞 specialises in the production of rubber 橡膠. Examples

17. 16 Examples Brazil 巴西 specialises in the production of coffee.

18. 17 Advantages 益處 of division of labour P.141 1. Raising 提高 labour 勞工 productivity l more output is produced from the same 同等 quantity 數量 of labour l the same output is produced with less labour

19. 18 Advantages of division of labour  Raising labour productivity P.142 How? a. choosing the most suitable person for the job 各展所長 b. practice makes perfect 熟能生巧 c. saving 節省 time in training 訓練 d. saving time in moving around 轉換 operation 崗位 f. mechanisation 機械化

20. 19 Advantages of division of labour P.144 2. Saving resources from the production of capital goods With division of labour, workers need not 不需 be equipped 配備 with the whole 全 set 套 of capital tools 工具.

21. 20 Advantages of division of labour Example: before 之前 division of labour Each 每位 worker has to be equipped with the whole set of capital tools.

22. 21 Advantages of division of labour Example: With division of labour Each worker only needs one piece 件 of tool.

23. 22 Advantages of division of labour P.145 3. Raising living 生活 standards 質素 (with exchange) Division of labour enables a larger volume 數量 and a wider choice of goods and services to be produced.

24. 23 Name this! Saving time in moving around operation Guided Essay Practice Guided MCQ Practice

25. 24 P.145 Defects/Disadvantages 弊 處 of division of labour 1.Work becomes 變得 dull 沉悶 and monotonous 單調 Workers lose interest & so their productivity 生產力 may drop 下降.

26. 25 Disadvantages of division of labour 2.Greater degree 程度 of interdependence 互相影響 Disruption in one production stage (or industry or country) results in stoppage of work in other 其他 production stages 程序 (or industries or countries).

27. 26 Disadvantages of division of labour P.146 3.Greater risk 風險 of unemployment 失業 It is often difficult 難 for a worker trained 受訓練 in one job to change over to another job.

28. 27 Disadvantages of division of labour P.147 4.Decline 沒落 in the quality 質素 of craftsmanship 手工藝

29. 28 Disadvantages of division of labour 4.Decline in the quality of craftsmanship With division of labour, mass 大規模 production methods are commonly used 一般採取 in modern 現代 factories. Fewer 越來越少 people will know all the processes in the production of hand-made 手作 goods. The overall 普遍 quality of craftsmanship will fall.

30. 29 Disadvantages of division of labour §Excessive 過分 standardization 標準化 of products

31. 30 Disadvantages of division of labour §Excessive standardization of products With specialisation and mechanization, products are highly 高度 standardized. They may not suit 滿足 the tastes 口味 for all customers 顧客.

32. 31 Name this disadvantage! §Greater degree of interdependence

33. 32 Name this disadvantage! §Greater risk 風險 of unemployment 失業 我有三十年檢 字粒經驗。 可是，現在出版 社已經電腦化。

34. 33 P.148 Limits 限制 of the extent 程度 of division of labour 1.Size 大小 of the market When the market size is small, division of labour can be practiced only to a limited 有限 extent.

35. 34 Limits of the extent of division of labour 2.Nature 性質 of the good The scope for division of labour is limited for production that requires 要求 highly 高度 specialised 專業 skills 技能, e.g., painting.