1. Simon Tucker Social Enterprise Summit, Hong Kong December 2007

2. A changing world

3. Too inflexible, unimaginative, fitted to past problems or locked into powerful interests Existing models don’t work

4. GDP Index of sustainable economic welfare (ISEW) Economic index Time Happiness 1950s 60s 70s 80s 90s 00s Need for social innovation

5. Social entrepreneurs and innovators Business entrepreneurs → economic growth Social entrepreneurs → social innovation Now include 2 Nobel Peace Laureates: Muhammad Yunus, Wangari Maathai

6. Micro-credit and consumer cooperatives Self-help health groups and self-build housing Community transport Magazines sold by the homeless Recycling and waste services Neighbourhood nurseries and neighbourhood wardens Wikipedia, Craig’s List and Freecycle Complementary medicine and hospices Fair trade Zero carbon housing schemes and community wind farms Social enterprises

7. Michael Young ‘probably the world’s most successful entrepreneur of social enterprises’ (Prof. D. Bell, Harvard)

8. shaped UK welfare state futurologist Over 60 organisations created Launchpad social venture funds pioneer of innovations – patient-led health, consumerism, extended schools International SIX network Michael Young and Young Foundation

9. Two examples of social entrepreneurship in practice ….

10. The Open University The world's first successful distance learning university Idea conceived by Michael Young in response to exclusion from higher education Initially launched as a social enterprise then incorporated by government Millions of beneficiaries worldwide – 25 variants from India to China - and copied by the private sector 2006 satisfaction rating the highest among 129 higher education providers across the UK

11. Resistance… ‘blithering nonsense’ according to conservatism and vested interests Michael Young’s own experience: ‘Although I canvassed the idea with 120 colleagues, only one supported me… After years of struggle, we gave up the idea of trying to do it within a university. Because the inertia was so great, it had to be established through a separate institution.’

12. Interpreter Call Centre operator Patient Doctor Language Line

13. Started on a shoestring as an NGO in 1969 Quickly grew to providing over 100 languages Management buyout to finance growth After 10 years valued at £150m (HK$1.7bn) Now handles >1m calls/year in 175 languages 95% calls connected to interpreter in <60 seconds From NGO to social enterprise

14. “A new type of organisation combining social and business characteristics, innovation and entrepreneurship” Bornstein “The real growth ‘sector’ in the post-capitalist era” Drucker Nature of social enterprises BusinessGovernment NGO Social enterprise

15. Advantages of social enterprise Power of belief Customer focus Co-production Committed staff Pro-Am power Scaleability and sustainability Market pioneering

16. Hong Kong? Ideally suited to be not just a hub for finance, trade and creative industries But also laboratory for social entrepreneurship and innovation for the region

17. Simon Tucker simon.tucker@youngfoundation.org youngfoundation.orgsocialinnovationexchange.org