1. Cellular Structure & Function

2. Cell Theory  Anton Von Leeuwenhoek  Created 1 st light microscope  Robert Hooke  Coined the term “cells” – resembled little rooms in monastery

3. Cell Theory  Matthias Schleiden  Stated that all plants are made of cells  Theodor Schwann  Stated that all animals are made of cells

4. Cell Theory  Robert Brown  Discovers nucleus’(dark center)role in division  Rudolf Virchow  See & describe cell division

5. Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function. 3. All cells come from pre- existing cells.

7. Prokaryotic Cells  Simplest cell  No nucleus or organelles  Contains cell wall/membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, genetic material  Ex: bacteria

8. Eukaryotic Cells  True Cells – those containing a nucleus  Ex: Plant & animal cells

9. CELL WALL  FOUND – plants  FUNCTION – rigid support & protection & movement of H20 & gasses  STRUCTURE – 3 layers  Pectin; glue  Cellulose  Lignin

10. CELL MEMBRANE  FOUND – both plants & animals  FUNCTION – regulates in/out cell  STRUCTURE – 2 layers of lipids & protein “doorways”

11. NUCLEUS  FOUND – both plants & animals  FUNCTION – control center of cell  STRUCTURE –  Nucleolus (center)  Chromatin (DNA)  N. envelope (outer)

12. CYTOPLASM  FOUND – both plants & animals  FUNCTION –; holds all organelles in place & site chemical rxns  STRUCTURE – gel-like material (colloid)

13. MITOCHONDRIA  FOUND – both plants & animals  FUNCTION – make energy  STRUCTURE – shaped like kidney bean  Cristae – inner membranes

14. RIBOSOMES  FOUND – both plants & animals  FUNCTION – make protein  STRUCTURE – composed of protein & RNA  Free-floating  Attached ER

15. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM  FOUND – both plants & animals  FUNCTION – transportation  STRUCTURE –  Rough ER; ribosomes attached – moves proteins  Smooth ER; no ribosomes – makes & moves lipids

16. GOLGI APPARATUS  FOUND – both plants & animals  FUNCTION – package & distribute proteins & produce lysosomes  STRUCTURE – resembles stack of pancakes

17. CHLOROPLAST  FOUND – plants  FUNCTION – converts light energy  chemical energy  site of photosynthesis  STRUCTURE –  Grana (PSN membranes)  Stroma (surrounding space)

18. LYSOSOME  FOUND – animals  FUNCTION – dispose unwanted materials  STRUCTURE – filled with digestive enzymes

19. VACUOLE  FOUND – both plants & animals  FUNCTION – water storage  STRUCTURE –  Plants – 1 large  Animals – several small

20. PLASTID  FOUND – plants  FUNCTION – stores pigments (color) & food (starch)  STRUCTURE – hollow sac surrounded by double membrane & contain own DNA

21. CYTOSKELETON  FOUND – animals  FUNCTION – support & movement  STRUCTURE –  Microfilaments (muscle contractions)  Microtubules (internal scaffolding)  Cillia (external hairs help move)  Flagella (tail aids in movement)