1. The Plant Kingdom

2. Evolution of Land Plants
Non-vascular plants evolved from Algae. Therefore, non-vascular plants must have adaptations that allow water-dwelling algae to overcome the problems of living on land and to best utilize the resources available there.

4. What is going on?

5. What problems do these plants face on land?

6. Which group has an advantage over the other group? Why?
Plant Group 2
Plant Group 1

7. Does plant group #3 have an advantage over groups 1 & 2
Does plant group #3 have an advantage over groups 1 & 2? If so, what is it?
Plant Group 3
Group 2
Group 1

8. What advantages does plant group #4 have over the other plants?

9. All lower plants (groups 1-4) have a significant gametophyte generation. That’s right, they reproduce like animals using sperm and egg! How do sperm travel to the egg?
Water of course!
Therefore, these plants must be located near water or inhabit areas with abundant rainfall.
Group 3
Plant Group 4
Group 2
Group 1

10. Pollen
How do higher plants assure that their gametes reach their significant other even when they live in dry areas?

11. Multicellular, Eukaryotic and Autotrophic
Plant Kingdom
Multicellular, Eukaryotic and Autotrophic
Bryophytes
Tracheophytes
Algae
Land dwelling mosses, liverworts, hornworts
Have Vascular tissue
Water Dwelling
Lack vascular tissue
Seedless
Seed Producing

12. Seedless Tracheophytes
Psilophyta: Lack roots (have rhizoids), and have no leaves. Ex. Whisk ferns
Sphenophyta: Lack roots and have small leaf-like structures called microphyls. Ex. Horse tails
Lycophyta: Lack roots and have small leaf-like structures called microphyls Ex. Clubmosses
Pterophyta: have fronds (macrophyls) and rhizomes (under-ground stem modified for water absorption) Ex. Fern

13. Seed Producing Vascular Plants
Gymnosperms: Have true roots, stems, leaves, pollen and seeds without a seed coat. Ex. Conifers and Evergreens
Angiosperms: True roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds with seed coats. Ex. Flowering Plants